MASONIC PAPERS- SOME SEPHARDIC JEWS IN FREEMASONRY

[CrackSmokeRepublican]

A Few Famous Freemasons in Commerce and industry
André Citroen, founder Citröen Motor Car Co, Lodge La Philosophie Positive, Paris [15]
William H. Lever, English soap manufacture. i.Lever Lodge No. 2916
Baron Nathan Mayer Rothschild, i. Oct. 24, 1802: Emulation Lodge No. 12, London [15]
James Rothschild, (Nathan's brother) [15]
George Shillibeer, inventor of the omnibus
Education
Francis Bellamy, author of USA Pledge of Allegiance. Little Falls Lodge No. 181, Little Falls, NY

http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/famous.html

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MASONIC PAPERS
by R.W.Bro. LEON ZELDIS
SOME SEPHARDIC JEWS IN FREEMASONRY


 

First mentions in England

            In England, where the Jews had been expelled by King Edward I in the year 1290, some "secret" Jews entered the country surreptitiously, under the appearance of being Spanish or Portuguese Catholics. They attended mass in the embassies of Spain, Portugal and France, but observed Jewish traditions in their homes. These Jews were tolerated because of their financial and mercantile contacts with the rest of Europe, and by their assistance in extending the commercial interests of England throughout the world. Enjoying the more liberal environment prevailing in England and Holland, some Jews gradually revealed themselves as such. In 1655, the Sephardic Rabbi Menasseh ben Israel (also known as Manoel Días Soeiro, 1604-1657) from Amsterdam, submitted a petition to Oliver Cromwell to allow the official residence of Jews in England. No record has been found of the result of this demarche, but a small congregation of Sephardim was officially recognized by King Charles II in 1664, after the Restoration of the Stuart monarchy.

            Thus, the new Israelite congregation in England was composed almost exclusively of Sephardim. The first Jews who received nobility titles in England also were Sephardim:  Solomon de Medina (c. 1650-1730) and Sir Moses Montefiore (1784-1885), who was knighted in 1837 and made a baronet in 1846.

            It is not surprising, then, that the first known Jewish Mason, dating from 1716 (one year before the creation of the first Grand Lodge) was an English Sephardi: Francis Francia, also known as the "Jacobite Jew". He was tried and later exonerated from an accusation of high treason. In an English newspaper of 1877, recounting this incident, Francia is called a Mason.

            In 1732 another Jew, Edward Rose, was initiated in a lodge presided by Daniel Delvalle (an obvious Sephardic name), who was characterized as 'eminent Jew snuff merchant' in a report in the Daily Post of 22 September 1732. Without doubt Delvalle must have preceded Rose by several years, to have reached the high position of Master of the lodge. Furthermore, Bro. Mathias Levy, in an article entitled 'Jews as Freemasons' published in The Jewish Chronicle in 1898, claims that the initiation took place 'in the presence of Jews and non-Jews". These other Jews present must have been masons themselves, initiated at an earlier date.

            Other Sephardic brethren appear in the records of the 18th century. The register of brethren of 1725 includes Israel Segalas and Nicholas Abrahams. Earlier still, in 1721, appear the names of Nathan Blanch (perhaps his original name was Blanco) and John Hart, though it is not certain they were Jews. [ii]

            Several Jews are listed as Grand Stewards in Anderson's New Book of Constitutions (1738): Solomon Mendez in 1732, Meyer Shamberg, M.D. in 1735, Benjamin Da Costa in 1737 and Isaac Barrett, Joseph Harris, Samuel Lowman and Moses Mendez in 1737-1738. Most of them were Sephardim.

            The first recorded Jewish officer of the Antients' Grand Lodge was David Lyon, Grand Tyler (1760-63), later promoted to Grand Pursuivant (1764-65). In the Moderns' Grand Lodge, the first was Moses Isaac Levi (alias Ximenes), appointed both Junior and Senior Grand Warden in 1785. That same year John Paiba, who had held some office since 1779, was appointed Grand Sword Bearer.  [iii]

            Two other English Jews are famous in Masonic history, because of having been arrested by the Inquisition in Lisbon and condemned as Masons (not because of being crypto-Jews!). They were later released and related their experiences. The first was John Coustos (1703-?), arrested in 1740, about whom numerous papers have been published. [iv] Some historians express doubts about his Judaism, but in his paper already quoted, Bro. Shaftesley bring up many indications pointing to the fact that "John Coustos, if he was not of Jewish origin, gave a very good imitation of it". [v]

            The second case is that of Hyppolito da Costa (1774-1823), who, although himself a professed Christian, belonged to a renowned family of Sephardic Jews in Portugal, England and the West Indies. At the time, there were almost two dozen Da Costas or Mendez da Costas in the diamond trade. Da Costa, whose full name was Hyppolito Joseph da Costa Pereira Furtado de Mendoça was initiated in the Lodge of the Nine Muses in 1807 and joined the Lodge of Antiquity in 1808. He was a friend of the Dukes of Sussex and Leinster, and eventually reached the high office of Provincial Grand Master for Rutland. In 1898, AQC published a note about Ben da Costa, a Past Master of Friars Lodge and Preceptor of the Israel Lodge of Instruction (N÷ 205), who was undoubtedly Jewish and claimed to be a relative of Hyppolito da Costa. [vi]

            On 23 December 1731, only 14 years after the foundation of the Premier Grand Lodge, Lodge N° 84 raised columns in London, at the Daniel Coffee House on Lombard Street. Among the brethren listed were several Jews: Salomon Mendez, Abraham Ximenez, Jacob Alvarez, Abraham de Medina, Benjamin Adolphus and Isaac Baruch. That is to say, out of six, five were Sephardim. They constituted a fifth of the total membership of the Lodge that numbered 29 brethren. [vii]

 

            Sir Moses Montefiore (1784-1885)

            Montefiore was born in Livorno, Italy. He was an active Mason, having been initiated in Moira Lodge in 1812. His brother-in-law, Nathan Meyer Rothschild, had been initiated ten years earlier in the Emulation Lodge. Montefiore and Rothschild had married sisters, daughters of Levi Barent Cohen.

            He was knighted in 1837 by Queen Victoria. That same year Benjamin Disraeli was elected to Parliament as a Tory.

            In August of 1840, together with the French Lawyer and high-ranking Masons Adolphe Cremieux (1796-1880) he led a delegation to Turkey and secured the release of the captives of the Damascus blood libel. He also persuaded the sultan of Turkey to issue an edict forbidding the circulation of blood libels.

            In 1863, supported by the British government, Sir Moses Montefiore petitioned the sultan of Morocco, Muhammad IV, to guarantee the safety of Morocco's Jews. His efforts were successful.

            A year later, in 1864, he intervened in order to gain the release of rabbi Meir Leib ben Jehiel Michael Malbin, chief rabbi of Bucharest, who had been wrongly accused of disloyalty to the authorities.

            His connection with Eretz Israel is well known, and his horse carriage, as well as his wind-mill can still be seen in Jerusalem.

            Upon reaching the ripe age of 80 years, "gil hagvurah" in Hebrew tradition, English Jewish Masons founded in 1864  the Montefiore Lodge N÷ 1017 in London. Later, in 1888, a second Montefiore lodge (N÷ 753) was founded in Glasgow and in 1996 our lodge, Montefiore Lodge of Installed Masters N÷ 78, was consecrated in Tel Aviv.

 

            Rabbi Leon Templo

            Rabbi Jacob Jehudah Jacob Leon (1603-1675), known as Leon Templo, deserves special mention. In 1675 he brought to London models of the Jerusalem Temple and the Tabernacle, which he had previously exhibited in Amsterdam. Leon Templo was also an expert in heraldry. His work so impressed Laurence Dermott, the first Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Antients, that he took a design by Leon Templo as the basis for the coat of arms of the Antients. When the two Grand Lodges of England merged to form the present United Grand Lodge (1813), this design was incorporated in its coat of arms. The model of the Temple built by Leon Templo was again exhibited by Bro. M. P. de Castro, who claimed to be a relative of the builder.

            An interesting historical question is the possible existence of a Masonic organization in Amsterdam in which Jews were allowed to join before the creation of the Premier Grand Lodge of London. There are two indications that point to that possibility.

            Dermott, in the second edition of Ahiman Rezon - the Book of Constitutions of the Antients - published in 1764, called Templo "the famous and learned Hebrewist [sic], Architect and brother". Historians have generally dismissed the 'brother' appellation as either an error or a friendly sobriquet [viii]. However, we know that Leon came originally from Livorno. His daughter, Elisebah, was married to Jacob Yehuda Leon, also characterized as "from Livorno". A flourishing Jewish community lived in that Italian city that became a refuge for Sephardic Jews fleeing from the Spanish Inquisition, and who returned to practicing Judaism openly. The Jews of Livorno maintained close links with other Sephardic communities in North Africa, particularly Tunis.

 

            Livorno

            Livorno was an important center of masonic activity in Italy. To give an example, among 34 lodges active in Italy between 1815 and 1860, no less than 19 were located in Livorno, that is, over 50% of all Italian lodges. [ix] A document from the lodge Les Amis de la Parfaite Union dated 3 May 1797 lists nine Jewish members from a total of 56.

            The presence of Jews in Livorno dates from the 16th century. Jewish bankers were already present in the duchy of Tuscany when Cosimo I declared the city a free port in 1548. On June 10, 1593, duke Ferdinand I de Medici, issued La Livornana, letters patent addressed to "Levantines (i.e. Easterners), Spaniards, Portuguese, Germans and Italians", but in reality intended for the Jews of those countries, granting them full religious liberty, amnesty for crimes committed previously, and the opportunity for Marranos to return to Judaism unmolested and to receive Tuscan citizenship, subject to the approval of the heads of the community (the Massari). The community enjoyed a large degree of autonomy and were exempt from wearing the yellow Jewish badge.

            The Medici rulers wanted to develop Livorno as their main point of trade. The Jewish community in Livorno grew rapidly, from a few hundred in the late 1500s to about 5000 in 1689. The city became an important center for trade between Atlantic and Northern ports and those of the Mediterranean and the Near East. In 1765, one third of Livorno's 150 commercial houses were Jewish-owned. [xi]  In 1650 Issac Gabai established a printing press that rivaled that of Venice in the production of valuable Hebrew books. The community was so prosperous that, on the urging of Colbert, chief minister of Luis XIV of France, the king invited the Jews of Livorno to come and settle in Marseilles.  [xii]

            Rabbi Hayim Joseph David Azulai, who lived in Livorno the last 30 years of his life, wrote a travel book in Hebrew, in which he recounts an incident that occurred to him in 1754 in Tunis, when the son of the Kaid (Moslem governor) of the city asked him, in the middle of the night, if he could kill a group of Jews from Livorno who belonged to "the sect of Franc Masons". In his answer, the Rabbi (who ordered not to touch them) confessed having heard of the Masons, but that they did not have a bad reputation, but were like "comedians". [xiii]

            Certainly, the date is much later than the period of Leon Templo, who had died in 1675, almost 80 years earlier, but we have here irrefutable evidence that in Livorno existed an active group of Jewish Masons, and we cannot dismiss out of hand the possibility that a proto-masonic organization open to Jews existed in Livorno, Amsterdam and possibly other places at the end of the 17th century.

            Another incident pointing to the presence of Jewish Masons in North Africa is mentioned by Bro. Shaftesley in his paper already quoted, taking it from Robert Freke Gould's History of Freemasonry: "in a minute of the Stewards' Lodge of March 1764, in connection with Laurence Dermott's great linguistic attainments, 'an Arabian Mason having petitioned for relief, the Grand Secretary [Dermott] conversed with him in the Hebrew language'. The use of Hebrew and not Arabic demonstrates that the "Arabian" must have been a Jewish Mason from North Africa.

 

            The Campanal enigma

            The second indication in this respect is the case of Campanal (or Campanall) in Newport, Rhode Island. In the Winter, 1967 issue of The Royal Arch Mason (US), a letter was printed from Comp. Samuel W. Freedman of Wilmington, Delaware, entitled "Did Jews Introduce Masonry in America?". The letter says (in part) as follows:

            "While touring New England this past summer, I stopped in Rhode Island where I visited the Touro Synagogue, which has been designated as a national shrine by the United States Government because it is the oldest synagogue on the American continent. [xiv]  In a historical pamphlet, recently put out by the Touro Synagogue Congregation, I ran across a note that is rather interesting. I am sending to you a photocopy of one of the pages in the pamphlet:

'The first documentary evidence of the presence of Jews in Newport dates from 1658. In that year the document reads: "We mett att ye House of Mordecai Campanall and after Synagog Wee gave Abm Moses the degrees of Maçonrie". This not only points to the early settlement of Jews in Rhode Island, but it is the basis for the theory ¾ which has been questioned by some ¾ that the craft of Masonry was first introduced into America through the early Jewish settlers in Rhode Island, who seemed to have worked the degrees after religious services which were held in private houses'

            "Upon returning home a chain of thought started in my mind, wondering whether there isn't more of a basis to the speculative Masonry we practice than we think. The Jews who came to Newport were either Spanish or Portuguese, who first went to Brazil and Curaçao in South America from where they came to Newport."

            In a further issue of The Royal Arch Mason  [xv], Bro. Norman G. Mccullough adds new information on the subject:

            "In the Book The History of Freemasonry and Concordant Orders (Stillson and Hugan, 1904), I find a most interesting explanation. Division VIII under 'First Glimpses in North America,' indicates that the second vestige of Masonry in this country, is described in Peterson's History of Rhode Island (1835, p. 101). The author informs us that:

            "In the spring of 1657, Mordecai Campanall, Moses Packeckoe, Levi, and others, in all 15 families, arrived at Newport from Holland. They brought with them the three first degrees of Masonry, and worked them in the house of Campanall, and continued to do so, and their successors, to the year 1742."

            "The statement was said to have been made on the authority of documents in the possession of N. H. Gould, Esq., at the time of the publication of the history. It came to the notice of Grand Master William S. Gardner, who was greatly astonished at the information, and immediately set about to investigate. He applied to Brother Gould, of Newport, Rhode Island, who was then an active member of the Supreme Council, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite (Northern Jurisdiction).  Gould replied that the statement was founded upon a dilapidated document found among the effects of a distant relative of his. It had been exposed to alternate humidity and heat and was so broken and brittle that it could not be daguerreotyped. All that could be made out was that in 1656 or 1658:

            "Wee mett att ye House off Mordecai Campannall and after Synagog Wee gave Abm Moses the degrees of Maçonrie."

            "Grand Master Gardiner was not satisfied with the evidence and declared that it was 'almost impossible to treat this story with the attention which the subject demands'."

            "In Rhode Island, Grand Master Doyle commented on Gould's letter:

            "It would seem the only authority in his possession is a document showing that in 1656 or 1658 somebody met some other persons at some house in Newport, and 'gave Abm Moses the degrees of Masonrie'. This may have occurred then and there, just as stated; but, if so, it is no authority for the statement that a lodge of Masons existed then in Newport, or that there was any legal Masonic authority for the work done, or that any other person was ever legally made a Mason in Newport between 1658 and 1742."

            "It is certain, however, that the tradition has long been perpetuated that Masons made their appearance in Rhode Island about that time. In Weeden's recently published Economic and Social History of New England, under the date 1658, the author says: 'The commerce of Newport was extending. The wealthy Jews, who contributed so much to it, afterward, appear now. It is said that 15 families came in from Holland this year, bringing with their goods and mercantile skill the first three degrees of Freemasonry'."

            Thus Bro. Mccullough. Clearly, the brethren who came to Rhode Island were Sephardic Jews. Campannall is a corruption of Campanal ("bell ringer" in Spanish), and Packeckoe is probably a corruption of Pacheco, a common Spanish name.  Levi is also common among Sephardim. Bro. Sidney Kase, in his article "Freemasonry and the Jews" [xvi] mentions that Campanal's original name was Campanelli. The Italian form suggests that he came originally from Italy, possibly from Livorno.

            From another source, we learn that Abraham Campanal, from Newport, Rhode Island, evidently a descendant of  Mordechai but who had been raised as a Christian, came to Curaçao in 1718 to be circumcised and return to Judaism. Unfortunately, he died after the operation, probably from infection, and this resulted in a prohibition for a certain period to circumcise Christians. [xvii]

All this is inconclusive, but it is certainly suggestive. A formal lodge may not have existed in Rhode Island in the late 17th century, but Masons are known to have assembled in what is called a "moot" lodge before receiving a warrant from a regular Grand Lodge (which in any case did not exist at that time). It appears to this author that, starting from the preconceived premise that no Masonry could have existed in Holland before the 18th century, historians have tended to dismiss the cases of Leon Templo and Campanal our of hand. Nevertheless, if we accept this possibility, new avenues of research are opened before us.

            To end this relation, I shall mention that the first Jew initiated in America was also a Sephardi. In 1733, Moses Nunis (whose original name was probably Moisés Nuñez) was initiated in Georgia at the age of 34 years. He died in 1787 and was buried with a Masonic funeral. [xviii]

            And finally, a note about Chile, a country where Freemasonry has played an outstanding role in promoting tolerance and education. The first regular Masonic lodge in that country that worked in the national language, Spanish, was created at the initiative of a Sephardic Jew, Manuel de Lima y Sola, in the year 1853. He was also the promoter of the creation of the Grand Lodge of Chile, in the year 1862.

            Shaftesley, John F., "Jews in English Freemasonry in the 18th and 19th Centuries", Ars Quatuor Coronatorum (AQC), Vol. 92 (1979), pp.25-63.

[ii]             Shaftesley, op.cit.

[iii]             Shaftesley, op. cit. p. 42

[iv]           See, inter alia, McLeod, W., "John Coustos: his Lodges and his Book", AQC, Vol. 92 (1979), pp. 113-147. Vatcher, S., "John Coustos and the Portuguese Inquisition", AQC, Vol. 81 (1968), pp. 9-87. The original documentation in Portuguese appears transcribed into Spanish in Ferrer Benimeli, Jose A., Masonerםa, Iglesia e Ilustraciףn: un conflicto ideolףgico-polםtico-religioso. Vol. I: Las Bases de un Conflicto (1700-1739), Madrid, 1975, pp. 301-326.

[v]             Shaftesley, op. cit., p. 27

[vi]             Shaftesley, ibidem.

[vii]          Shaftesley, op. cit., p. 37.

[viii]         For instance, Shane, Lewis A., "Jacob Judah Leon of Amsterdam (1602-1675) and his models of the Temple of Salomon and the Tabernacle", AQC, Vol. 96, p. 146

[ix]           Polo Friz, Luigi, "Logge in Italia dal 1816 al 1870", Massoneria Oggi, Year V, No. 4, August-September 1998, p. 27.

•           Stolper, Ed., "Contributo allo studio della massoneria italiana nell'era napoleonica", Rivista Massonica, September 1977.

[xi]             Encyclopaedia Judaica, Jerusalem 1971, Vol. 10, p. 1572.

[xii]          Heller, Marvin H., "Jedidiah ben Isaac Gabai and the first decade of Hebrew printing in Livorno", Los Muestros, Brussels, No. 33, December 1998.

[xiii]          Sefer Ma'agal Tov Hashalem (Book of the Good Complete Circuit), reproduced by Mekitzei Nirdamin, Jerusalem, 5694 (1934), p. 64.

[xiv]          The Touro synagogue started on 1759 and concluded on 1763, was built by Isaac Abraham Touro, a Rabbi who had come from Amsterdam in 1760.

[xv]             Reprinted in Haboneh Hahofshi (Journal of the Grand Lodge of Israel) , Vol. 43, No. 1-2, April 1976, pp. 19-21.

[xvi]          The Philalethes, Vol. XLII, N÷4, August 1989, pp. 6-10, 23.

[xvii]         Arbell, Mordechai, "Return to Judaism, the Circumcisers (Mohalim) of Curaחao", Los Muestros, No. 28, September 1997, pp. 23-24.

[xviii]         Kase, Sidney, "Freemasonry and the Jews", The Philalethes, August, 1989, p. 8.

http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/zeldis14.html

[CrackSmokeRepublican]

RITE OF MIZRAIM

(Founded 1805)

This rite had 90 degrees. It was founded in 1805 at Milan by Le Changeur, Clavel, Marc Bedarride and Joly, and was introduced into France in 1816.

Its trials of initiation were long and difficult, and founded on what is recorded of the Egyptian and Eleusinian mysteries.

Heckethorn states that this rite is essentially autocratic there being no obligation on the Grand Master to account for his actions.

In the Rosicrucian for January 1871 we read the following notice (page 136).

"We have great pleasure in announcing that this philosophic Masonic Rite (Ancient and Primitive Rite of Mizraim) has been recently established in England under authority derived from the Grand Council of Rites for France, and that the Conservators General held a meeting at Freemasons Tavern, on Wednesday, the 28th December. The principal chairs were filled by Ill. Bros. Wentworth Little 90°; the Rt. Hon. The Earl of Limerick 90°; and S. Rosenthal 90°; by whom the 'Bective' Sanctuary of Levites — the 33rd of the Rite — was duly opened...

[p. 408]

It was then announced that the following brethren had accepted office in the Rite: The Rt. Hon. the Earl of Bective, Sovereign Grand Master, etc., etc."

The Rite of Mizraim was amalgamated with that of Memphis in 1775, when John Yarker, as stated by Freke Gould{1} "sanctioned the communication of the degrees of Mizraim to members of the Rite of Memphis, the former having no separate governing body in this country" (England).

According to an official statement, repeated in every number of the Kneph: "France (having) abandoned the Rite, and the Ill. Gd. Hierophant, J. E. Marconis, 33°, 97°, having died in 1868, Egypt took full possession. The Craft Gd. Lodge, our Antient and Primitive Rite, and the Antient and Accepted Rite, executed a tripartite Treaty to render mutual aid, and restored the Sov. Gd. Mystic Temple — Imp. Council Cen., 96°, presided over by a Gd. Hierophant, 97°, in 1775."

Essentially Jewish, the historical activities of this order to date are interesting.

Some years ago, a document to which the reader must be referred, The Protocols of the Wise Men or Elders of Zion{2}, was brought to light. Abstracted from a Jewish Lodge of Mizraim in Paris, in 1884, by Joseph Schorst, later murdered in Egypt, it embodied the programme of esoteric Judaism. Schorst was the son of a man who, in 1881, had been sentenced in London to ten years penal servitude for counterfeiting.

Before studying these Protocols however, the reader should be made acquainted with a few facts.

This document was first published in 1905 at Tsarskoe

1. Robert Freke Gould, The History of Freemasonry, vol. II, p. 135.

2. L. Fry, Waters Flowing Eastward.

[p. 409]

Selo (Russia), embodied in a book called The Great Within the Small written by Sergius A. Nilus.

In January 1917, a second edition, revised and documented, was ready, but before it could be put on the market for distribution and sale, the revolution had taken place (March 1917), and the Provisional Government had been replaced by that of Kerensky who himself gave the order to have the whole edition of S. A. Nilus's book destroyed. It was burnt.

A few copies however had been distributed, one of them found its way to England, one to Germany and one again to the United States of America in 1919. In each of these three countries, a few people determined to make a close study of the document with the result that it was soon published everywhere.

In England, it was and still is published by an organization called "The Britons".

In Germany, a remarkable work was done by Gottfried zum Beck.

In France, it was published by Mgr. Jouin of the Revue Internationale des Sociétés Secrètes and by the fearless M. Urbain Gohier of Vieille France.

In the United States, two anonymous editions were published, one by Small Maynard of Boston, and the other, later, by the Beckwith Company.

Then editions appeared in Italian, Russian, Arabic and even Japanese.

No sooner had the document been made public than loud protests were heard coming from all sections of dispersed Israel. Writers and lecturers were recruited to deny the assertion and shatter the growing belief of a Jewish conspiracy for the political, economic and legislative dominion of the world.

The method of intimidation used to suppress discussion of The Protocols has always been the same. It

[p. 410]

consists in suggesting that the person guilty of interest in the subject is crazy or becoming so. As the average mortal prefers to be thought sane by his fellow men, the trick generally works.

A short review of the affray must be made. First and foremost came a strong denial made by a Jew, Lucien Wolf, who wrote the pamphlet: The Jewish Bogey and the Forged Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, (1920). Israel Zangwill, another Jew, also wrote against the veracity of the Protocols. Then, in America, followed articles by William Hard, in the Metropolitan, ridiculing belief in the document.

More serious was the painstaking campaign undertaken against the publication of the Protocols by the chiefs of the U. S. Kahal or Kehillah, who intimidated the editor, George H. Putnam, and forced him to stop the publication of the book by threats to call his loans and thus ruin him financially. The Beckwith Co. was eventually induced by the Jewish Anti-Defamation League to enclose in every copy of the edition they published a small pamphlet containing the denial of the contents of the Protocols.

Among the Gentiles found ready to deny the truth of the Protocols was a certain du Chayla, also a Mrs. Hurlbut and the notorious Princess Catherine Radziwill who had previously reached the pinnacle of self-advertisement by having had herself sentenced to a term of imprisonment in South Africa for forgery in 1902. It seemed as if all the denials against the Jewish authorship of the Protocols had been made, when finally in 1921 the London Times made the sensational discovery through one of its correspondents in Constantinople, a Mr. X. — of a French book which they called the Dialogues of Geneva, published anonymously at Brussels in 1865. It was this book, the Times affirmed, which

[p. 411]

had been plagiarized by the author of the Protocols. The publication of this discovery by the Times seemed to have closed all further discussion tending to prove the Jewish authenticity of the Protocols and very little has been heard since on the subject.

Yet, to use the words of the Zionist, Max Nordau, during his violent quarrel with another Zionist, Asher Ginzberg: Audeatur et altera pars. It is this other side of the story which the reader is now asked to hear.

The book The Times called The Geneva Dialogues bears in reality the following title: Dialogues aux Enfers entre Machiavelli et Montesquieu. It had been published anonymously in Brussels in 1864. The introduction ends thus: "Geneva, October 13, 1865".

It was soon discovered by the police of Napoleon III that the author of the book was a certain lawyer, Maurice Joly, who was arrested, tried, and sentenced to two years' imprisonment (April 1865), as it was averred that he had written his book as an attack against the government of Napoleon III to which he had lent all the Machiavelian plans revealed in the Dialogues.

A short sketch of the author's life is necessary in order to understand the spirit of his book.

Maurice Joly (1831-1878), was born at Lons-le-Saulnier. His mother, née Florentine Corbara Courtois, was a Corsican of Italian origin and a Roman Catholic. Her father, Laurent Courtois, had been paymaster-general of Corsica. He had an inveterate hatred of Napoleon I.

Joly's father was Philipe Lambert Joly, born at Dieppe, Normandy. He had a comfortable fortune and had been attorney general for the department of Jura for a period of 10 years under Louis Philippe. Maurice Joly was educated at Dijon and began his law studies there, but in 1849 he left for Paris.

[p. 412]

There, thanks to his maternal grandfather's masonic associations, he secured, just before the Coup d'Etat in 1851, a post in the Ministry of the Interior under M. Chevreau. In 1860 only, he terminated his law studies, — he wrote several articles, showed a certain amount of talent and ended by founding a paper called Le Palais for lawyers and attorneys. The principal stockholders were Jules Favre, Desmaret, Leblond, Adolphe Crémieux, Arago, and Berryer.

Joly was a Socialist. He wrote of himself: "Socialism seems to me one of the forms of a new life for the peoples emancipated from the traditions of the Old World. I accept a great many of the solutions offered by Socialism but I reject Communism either as a social factor or as a political institution. Communism is but a school of Socialism. In politics I understand extreme means to gain one's ends — in that, at least, I am a Jacobin."

Friend of Adolphe Crémieux, he shared in his hatred of Napoleon III. He hated absolutism as much as he hated Communism and as, under the influence of his Prime Minister Rouher, the French Emperor led a policy of reaction, Maurice Joly qualified it as Machiavelian and depicted it as such in his pamphlet.

In one of his books he wrote of it:

"Machiavelli represents the policy of Might compared to Montesquieu's, which represents the policy of Right — Machiavelli will be Napoleon III who will himself depict his abominable policy". (From Maurice Joly — Son passé, son programme — by himself, 1870).

And here comes the important point which the Times omitted to put before its readers when it made the sensational discovery about the Dialogues of Geneva in 1921!

Maurice Joly, who hated Communism and, in 1864, ascribed the Machiavellian policy of Might over Right


[p. 413]

to the Imperialism of Napoleon III, was evidently ignorant of the fact that he himself was no innovator, for, long before he ever entered the journalistic or political world, the very theory which he had tried to expose and refute had been the guiding principle of a group of ardent revolutionists, promoters of Communism, and worthy followers of Illuminatis and Babouvists, the group of Karl Marx, Jacoby, etc. the agitators of the 1848 revolution.

Long before Maurice Joly's book Dialogues aux Enfers entre Machiavelli et Montesquieu had made its appearance, another book bearing much the same title had been published in Berlin in 1850. It was called


        Machiavelli, Montesquieu, Rousseau

by Jacob Venedy and was published by Franz Dunnicker, Berlin.{3}

Jacob Venedy, the author, was a Jew, born in Cologne, May 1805, died February 1871. Owing to his revolutionary activities, he was expelled from Germany and sought refuge in France. While living in Paris, in 1835, he edited a paper of subversive character called Le Proscrit which caused the police to send him away from Paris. He then lived at Le Hâvre. Later, due to the intercession of Arago and Mignet, friends of Adolphe Crémieux, he was once more allowed to return to Paris. Meanwhile, he had published a book, Romanisme, Christianisme et Germanisme, which had won for him the praise of the French Academy. Venedy was a close friend and associate of Karl Marx. He had spent the years 1843-44 in England which at that time was the refuge and abode of all the master minds of the 1848 revolution. In 1847 Venedy was in Brussels with Karl


3. L. Fry, Waters Flowing Eastward.

[p. 414]

Marx who had founded there the secret organization called "The Communist League of Workers", which was eventually brought out into the open under the name of "The International Society of Democracy" (Société Internationale de la Démocratie).

In 1848, after the February Revolution, Venedy returned to Germany, still in the company of Karl Marx. He soon afterwards became one of the chiefs of the revolutionary Committee of Fifty, organized at Frankfort-on-Main in March 1848. Venedy was sent as "Commissar" into the Oberland to stand against Ecker. In Hesse-Homburg he was elected a member of the Left and took his place in the Committee of Fifty. It was at this time that in Berlin he published his book Machiavelli, Montesquieu and Rousseau, upholding the ideas of Machiavelli and Rousseau for the slavery and demoralization of the people.

When order was once more re-established in Germany, Venedy was expelled from Berlin and Breslau.

He was an active member of the Masonic Order Bauhütte which was affiliated to the Carbonari. (See Die Bauhütte for Feb. 25, 1871).

It is to be regretted that the Times, which had started an investigation to trace the authorship of The Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion, and lift it off the shoulders of Jewry upon which it rested, should have missed looking into the literary and revolutionary activities of Jacob Venedy.

Following the apparent contradiction between Jacob Venedy and Maurice Joly, one showing the Machiavelli and Rousseau policy as that of triumphant Communism, whilst the other makes it the policy of Reaction and Imperialism, one is apt to overlook the link between the two. The student of the 1830-1848 period of history is here confronted by a remarkable fact.


[p. 415]

Fould, the Rothschilds of Paris, London and Vienna, Montefiore, Disraeli, the Goldsmids, were not less Jews than Karl Marx, Moses Hess, Jacoby, Lassalle, Venedy, Riesser. The Liberal Conservatism of Disraeli, the reactionary Imperialism of Fould and the revolutionary Communism of Karl Marx all point towards the same aim, namely, the establishment of Jewish power, whether under a Constitutional Monarchy, an Empire, or a Republic. And although their respective activities seem to stand so far apart, yet they are all linked, all tending towards the same end. One of the most striking instances is the case of Adolphe Crémieux who played a prominent part in the period we are now concerned with, and who was connected with all parties and actually helped form the centre which united them all, viz. The ALLIANCE ISRAÉLITE UNIVERSELLE, which was, in fact, the central Kahal for Universal Jewry.

The life of Adolphe Crémieux and the activities of his Jewish contemporaries, belonging to widely divergent social spheres, illustrate forcibly the concerted plan of Judaism to reach its secret Messianic hope of world domination.

Until about 1848, it seemed somewhat difficult to show conclusively the link between Judaism and Illuminism, Communism and Capitalism, but a close study of the life of Adolphe Crémieux, and that of his confidential agent, Léon Gambetta, throws full light on the subject.

Whereas in Gentile life, there is an unbridgeable abyss between Conservatism and Anarchy, Religion and Atheism, there is no such chasm in the Jewish Mentality. There, all currents, no matter in what direction they may seem to flow, are finally united and channelled in one unique direction.

If it has been somewhat difficult for historians of


[p. 416]


the French Revolution to see the close link between Judaism and Illuminism, we repeat that no such difficulty exists for the student of the 1848 revolutionary period, after he has followed the life of Adolphe Crémieux and the activities of his Jewish contemporaries. The main difference is that the term "Illuminism" used in the 18th century is replaced by the wide term Freemasonry which embraces all the existent secret societies.

Adolphe Isaac Crémieux (1796-1880) came from a Jewish family of the South of France, that had members in Aix, Nîmes and Marseilles.{4}

In his youth, Crémieux was an enthusiastic admirer of Napoleon I; yet in 1831, he pronounces the funeral eulogy of the ill famed revolutionist of 1789, the Abbé Grégoire. He chose law as his profession and was admitted to the Bar at Nîmes in 1817.

Briefly, Crémieux's life may be viewed from three sides: 1st, his racial Jewish activities, 2nd, his Masonic activities, 3rd, his political influence.

Crémieux's racial Jewish activities are exemplified by the part he took in the Damascus Affair with Moses Montefiore, a Jew of England, when Jewry successfully but unconvincingly silenced the accusation of ritual murder committed upon the Catholic priest, Father Thomas, at Damascus, in 1840. He had a prominent share in the foundation and development of the Alliance Israélite Universelle. Officially founded in 1860, this international union of disseminated Jewry had as we know, existed for centuries, but after the Damascus

 

4. Gaston Crémieux, another member of the same family (1836-1871) was an active Socialist and Revolutionary. He participated in the Paris Commune and was court-martialled and executed in 1871.

[p. 417]

affair, the Jewish leaders knew that they had attained sufficient power to feel enabled to show to the whole world that although the civil rights they enjoyed had been granted them by different countries, the real allegiance of each and every one of them was due to their Jewish nationality.

The Masonic activities of Adolphe Crémieux were many and powerful. His connection with Louis Bonaparte and his brother, who both were affiliated to the Carbonari, would suggest that he was also connected with this secret society. But it is a fact that Crémieux belonged to the Lodge of Mizraim, the Scottish Rite, and also the Grand Orient. He was in the Supreme Council of the Order of Mizraim and, at the death of Viennet, in whose person the Grand Orient and the Scottish Rite had been united, Crémieux succeeded him as Grand Master.

The political activities of Crémieux are also manifold and varied. In his youth, he had been an admirer of Napoleon I and later became an intimate friend as well as the legal adviser of the Bonaparte family and joined their party which was undermining the government of Louis Philippe, son of Philippe "Egalité".

In 1848, he was one of the most ardent supporters of Louis Napoleon and took an active part in the overthrow of Louis Philippe. He had been one of the foremost speakers in the association known as the Campagne des Banquets which had done so much to promote the Revolution of Feb. 1848.

He became a member of the provisional government and was appointed Minister of Justice. He strongly advocated the candidature of his friend, Louis Napoleon, for the post of President of the French Republic. Crémieux had had hopes of being made Chief Executive under Louis Napoleon and thus play in France the

[p. 418]

same role which Disraeli played in England, that is ruling the country from behind the scenes. Both Disraeli and Crémieux had the same financial backing, namely the wealth of the Rothschilds and Montefiores, who, in London, were friends of Disraeli and, in Paris, friends of Crémieux. Crémieux was therefore keenly disappointed when General Cavaignac was appointed Prime Minister in the Republican Government of Louis Napoleon, and as a revenge, he directed his activities against the Prince President, his former friend. He became so hostile to him, that in 1851, after the Coup d'Etat of December 2, by which Louis Napoleon recreated the Empire and assumed the title of Napoleon III, Crémieux was imprisoned at Vincennes and Mazas. After his release, he made himself the champion and defender of the Communist associates of Karl Marx, the revolutionaries Louis Blanc, Ledru Rollin, Pierre Leroux and others.

His untiring efforts were directed against the Empire in general and Napoleon III in particular, and he consorted with all the Emperor's enemies, among them, Maurice Joly, the author of the Dialogue between Machiavelli and Montesquieu. After the overthrow of Napoleon III and the defeat of France at the hands of Germany in 1871, and the establishment of the Republic, Crémieux once more took an open part in the political affairs of the country.

He pushed to the front his former secretary Gambetta and effectively directed him in his shady negotiations with Bismarck, the latter himself being guided by the Jew Bamberger (1852-1899), a former revolutionist of 1848, but who, having found refuge in France, had been for many years manager in Paris of the Jewish Bank Bischoffsheim and Goldschmidt. He was one of Crémieux's friends, and the war could not affect


[p. 419]

the ties linking the Jews united in the Alliance Israélite Universelle.

From 1871 until his death, it can be safely asserted that Crémieux, as President of the Alliance Israélite Universelle and Grand Master of the Scottish Rite, exercised a tremendous influence upon the anti-religious campaign which followed the Franco-Prussian War. In this as in all his lifelong activities, Crémieux was only obeying the teachings of the Talmud and trying to destroy every religion but that contained in Judaism. His favourite theme was that there should be only one cult — and that cult should be Jewish. At a general assembly of the Alliance Israélite Universelle, on May 31, 1864, Crémieux had said: "The Alliance is not limited to our cult, it voices its appeal to all cults and wants to penetrate in all the religions as it has penetrated into all countries. Let us endeavour boldly to bring about the union of all cults under one flag of Union and Progress. Such is the slogan of humanity."{5}

One cult, one flag! Are the Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion or the speeches of Machiavelli in Joly's book anything but a lengthy exposition of the ideas briefly expressed by Crémieux? His activities are one of the clearest examples of Jewish internationalism and Jewish efforts for the realization of the Messianic ideal.

The Alliance Israélite Universelle issued from the Rite of Mizraim plus Universal Freemasonry, subsidized by International Finance, would spell the doom of Christian civilization, the destruction of nationalism, the death of nations upon whose ruin has been erected

 

5. "Union and Progress" was the name given to several revolutionary associations and also to several Masonic Lodges.

 

[p. 420]

a new Temple of Solomon, containing the treasures and material wealth of the whole world, and over which is placed the six pointed star of ZIONISM.{6}

Lion Gambetta (1838-1882), an Italian Jew, obtained French naturalization on Oct. 29, 1859, and in 1862 became the secretary of Crémieux. He was Deputé in 1869, Dictator of National Defence, head of the War Office and Minister of the Interior after the Commune of 1870 and Dictator again after the Coup d'Etat of the President of the Republic Marshal MacMahon in 1877.

The following quotation from a letter which he wrote to his father on June 22, 1863 is interesting.

"My chief, Maître Crémieux, treats me as if I were his adopted son, and if within three years time he is elected a deputy (which is quite possible) my career will be settled once and for all. I must devote myself to law and politics, and then I may hope to triumph over all obstacles and finally to attain great honours."{7}

 

6. The means for the attainment of Crémieux's ambition are set forth in a book entitled Paris, Capitale des Religions, by Jean Izoulet.

7. P. B. Gheusi, Gambetta, Life and Letters, p. 207.


http://www.jrbooksonline.com/HTML-docs/ ... izraim.htm

[CrackSmokeRepublican]

Manly P. Hall, who knew the Masonic legend of Hiram Abiff was a thinly veiled prophecy of the resurrection of Osiris, seems to have understood what Zahi Hawass was looking for, and why. Consider that he wrote in The Secret Teachings of All Ages:

"The Dying God shall rise again! The secret room in the House of the Hidden Places shall be rediscovered. The Pyramid again shall stand as the ideal emblem of solidarity, inspiration, aspiration, resurrection, and regeneration. [6]

===============

1826 Masons murdered Masonic whistle blower Captain William Morgan.

 Captain Morgan was an American Freemason who wrote a book revealing Masonic secrets, "Illustrations of Freemasonry." One revealed secret was that the last mystery at the top of the Masonic pyramid is the worship of Lucifer, that is, Satan. In the legend of the murder of Hiram Abiff, Abiff represents intelligence, liberty and truth, and was struck down by a blow to the neck with a rule, representing the suppression of speech by the church. Then a square struck him in the heart. This represented the State's suppression of belief. Last, a maul struck him on the head. This represented the suppression of intellect by the masses. So, Freemasonry equates the Church, the State, and the masses with tyranny, intolerance, and ignorance. What Morgan revealed was that the Freemasons were pledged to avenge Hiram Abiff and that their plan was to strike down the Church, the State, and the freedom of the masses.

Captain Morgan caused a small uproar against the Masons which culminated in a vital anti-Freemason movement causing nearly 40% of Masons belonging to the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States to secede and, in 1829, gave birth to an anti-Masonic political party when the author, William Morgan disappeared. He was apparently abducted and drowned in Lake Ontario, allegedly by his fellow Mason Richard Howard.

===============

The Story of Hiram Abiff

By:  William Harvey

 The outstanding figure in modern Freemasonry is undoubtedly the widow's son who is known to members of the Fraternity under the somewhat obscure name of Hiram Abiff.  He dominates Craft Masonry. and that in spite of the fact that neither the Entered Apprentice nor the Fellow-Craft knows anything at all about him. It is true that, when the Master Mason recites what is called "the first part of the traditional history." to the Fellow-Craft who is on his way to the secrets of the third degree, he pays the Fellow-Craft the compliment of saying, "As you are doubtless aware," Hiram was the principal architect at the building of King Solomon's Temple.  But if the Fellow-Craft is so informed, he must have acquired the knowledge apart altogether from Freemasonry as, up to that particular moment, no glimpse of the widow's son has been obtained in all the ceremonial of the First arid Second Degrees.  From that point onwards, however, he is chief actor in the drama, and the legend of Hiram is the most characteristic part in the ritual of the Order.

 Hiram, like many other notable men in the history of the world, was distinguished in the manner of his death as that is set forth in the legend, and the dramatic circumstances attending the tragedy are what give amplitude to his biography.  Beyond the time, place, and means of his murder, Freemasonry knows little about the man, nor, apart from Freemasonry, are many particulars to be gleaned.  All that is known of him is contained in the Volume of the Sacred Law, and even there there is confusion, and one statement that in the opinion of Bro. Robert Freke Gould stamps the Masonic legend as a myth.

According to the author of the Second Book of Chronicles (Chap. ii.) Solomon sent messengers to Hiram, King of Tyre, to acquaint that friendly sovereign with the fact that he contemplated erecting a Temple, and inviting him to furnish men and materials for the prosecution of the work. Solomon's first demand was for a specially gifted craftsman.

"Send me now," he says, "a man cunning to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, and in iron, and in purple, and crimson, and blue, and that can skill to grave with the cunning men that are with me in Judah, and in Jerusalem:"

The King of Tyre received the embassy with cordiality, and returned a favorable answer to Solomon.

"I have sent a cunning man," he says, "endued with understanding. . . The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was ''a man of Tyre."

The account given. in the First Book of the Kings (Chap. VII.) differs somewhat so far as the parentage of the man is concerned. There it is stated that he was "a widow's son of the tribe of Naphtali." The author or editor of Kings agrees with the Chronicler that Hiram's father was a Tyrian, adding that he was "a worker in brass." Josephus describes him as of Naphtali on his mother's side, his father being Ur of the stock of Israel. It is not easy to reconcile these differences. One Biblical student - Giesebrecht - suggests that the dislike felt by the editor of Kings to the idea of the Temple being built by a half-Phoenician caused him to insert the words "a widow of the tribe of Naphtali," the alteration of the phrase "of the daughters of Dan" into "of the tribe of Naphtali," being the more permissible, since Dan lay in the territory of Naphtali.  

The clear points that emerge are that Hiram was of mixed race, the son of a brassworker, and a man so high in his profession as to have secured the patronage of his King, and to have been deemed worthy to uphold the reputation of his country. His exalted position is inferred from the description given by the author of the Chronicles who alludes to him as "Hiram Abi," and the word "Abi," meaning "my father," is usually taken in the sense of "master," a title of respect and distinction.

The name is undoubtedly Phoenician, but there is some confusion, as to its actual form. "Hiram" is the more common rendering, but the author of the Chronicles adheres to the spelling "Huram," and other writers adopt the variant "Hirom." Mr J. F. Stenning says that it is equivalent to "Ahiram," and means "the exalted one." According to Movers, Hiram or Huram. is the name of a diety, and means "the coiled or twisted one," but other scholars regard this derivation as very improbable.

Whatever his real parentage, and whatever the exact meaning of his name, the widow's son of Freemasonry reached Jerusalem and was thereafter intimately identified with the building of the Temple. What exact share did he have in that great work ?

The editors of "The Jewish Encyclopedia" point out that there is an essential difference as regards the nature of his technical specialty between the account preserved in the First Book of Kings and that in the Second Book of Chronicles. According to the former, Hiram was an artificer only in brass, and the pieces which he executed for the Temple were the two pillars, Jachin and Boaz, the molten sea with its twelve oxen, the ten layers with their bases, the shovels and basins, all of brass.  But in the Second Book of the Chronicles he is depicted as a man of many parts, and the impression is conveyed that he superintended all the work of the Temple.  Josephus seeks to reconcile the two accounts by saying that Hiram was expert in all sorts of work, but that his chief skill lay in working in gold, silver and brass.

And there our exact knowledge of Hiram ends. History knows nothing of him. The volume of the Sacred Law is silent as to his fate. Brother Robert Freke Gould, founding on the eleventh verse of the fourth chapter of the Second Book of the Chronicles, says he "was certainly alive at the completion of the Temple."

Out of this slender basis of fact Freemasonry has created a wonderfully vivid character. The Order maintains that he was the chief architect at the construction of the Temple and associates him with Hiram, King of Tyre, and Solomon, King of Israel, on a footing of Masonic equality. It suggests that these three were the most exalted personages in the Masonic world and that the secrets of a Master Mason had either descended to them, or been invented by them, and could not be communicated to anyone else without the consent of all three. There were Master Masons in abundance at the Temple, but apparently none of them had been admitted to a knowledge of the secrets and mysteries of the High and Sublime Degree. Consequently, when certain curious Fellow-Crafts sought to obtain the hidden knowledge they were compelled to approach one or another of the three grand masters. They selected Hiram and when he refused their request they murdered him in the manner described in Masonic ritual.

"Taken literally," says Charles William Heckethorn in "The Secret Societies of all Ages and Countries," "the story of Hiram offers nothing so extraordinary as to deserve to be commemorated after three thousand years throughout the world by solemn rites and ceremonies. The death of an architect is not so important a matter to have more honor paid to it than is shown the memory of so many philosophers and learned men who have lost their lives in the cause of human progress . . . . The legend is purely allegorical. . . . The dramatic portion of the mysteries of antiquity is always sustained by a pity or man who perishes as the victim of an evil power, and rises again into a more glorious existence.  In the ancient mysteries, we constantly meet with the record of a sad event, a crime which plunges nations into strife and grief, succeeded by joy and exultation."

Leaving for the moment the question as to the meaning of the allegory and whence it was borrowed, let us consider at what date the legend of Hiram was engrafted upon Craft Masonry.

It is generally admitted by students that the elaborate ceremonial, and multiplicity of degrees which flourish to-day under the general terms of Freemasonry, are of comparatively modern growth, and that before the era of Grand Lodges not more than one, or at most, two degrees were in existence.  The Freemasonry of today appears to owe a good deal to the enthusiasm and imagination of two brethren who were active in the first half of the eighteenth century.  These were Dr, James Anderson, an Aberdonian, who was a Presbyterian minister in London, and Dr John Theophilus Desaguliers, a native of La Rochelle, an Episcopalian clergyman, who also labored in the Metropolis. Dr George Aliver, another parson who, was keenly interested in the Craft, and contributed much to masonic literature, says that "the name of the individual who attached the aphanism of H.A.B. to Freemasonry has never been clearly ascertained; although it may be fairly presumed that Brothers Desaguliers and Anderson were prominent parties to it," adding that when "these two Brothers were publicly accused by their seceding contemporaries of manufacturing the degree " they "never denied " it.   Brother Robert Freke Gould, noticing the statement of Oliver, says that Anderson and Desaguliers had been many years in their graves when the accusation was made, and that, consequently, their silence "is not to be wondered at."  But if Gould himself does not lay the blame or credit of the Third Degree at the door of these Brethren he favors the view that Hiram became a prominent character in Masonic ritual during the years of their activity.

"When the legend of Hiram's death was first incorporated with our older traditions, it is not easy to decide," he says, "but in my judgment it must have taken place between 1723 and 1729, and,." he adds, "I should be inclined to name 1725 as the most likely year for its introduction."

Gould is led to this view from two considerations: first, the remarkable paucity of references to Hiram in the Old Charges and early catechisms of Freemasonry, and, secondly, the prominence given to him in the edition of Dr Anderson's "Constitutions," published in 1738. He thinks, wisely most people will agree, that if the murder of Hiram Abiff had been a tradition of the Craft in early days, not only would allusions to him be found in the literature of the Order, but he would have appeared in the earlier degrees, and not been thrust without any sort of warning into the third degree, much to the surprise of all who regard Craft Masonry as a gradually developing spectacle. As Palgrave says, "It is not well for the personages of the historical drama to rise on the stage through the trap-doors. They should first appear entering in between the side scenes. Their play will be better understood then. We are puzzled when a king, or count, suddenly lands upon our historical ground, like a collier winched. up through a shaft."

It is not improbable, that just about the time mentioned by Gould - the close of the first quarter of the eighteenth century - the traditionary history was enlarged, the ceremonial rearranged, and what was formerly the second degree expanded and then divided so as to form the degrees of Fellow-Craft and Master Mason. Countenance to this view by a comparison of the first and second editions of Anderson's "Constitutions." In the earliest editions, issued in 1723, the author dwells at some length upon the magnificence of King Solomon's Temple. This is repeated in the later edition, published in 1738, but a number, of details as to the manner of its erection are given which suggests that it had grown in Masonic ceremonial importance during the intervening years. For example, Anderson states that after "the Cape-stone was celebrated by the Fraternity, their joy was soon interrupted by the sudden death of their dear master, Hiram Abiff, whom they decently interred in the Lodge near the Temple, according to ancient Usage.

If it be assumed that the third degree was invented about 1725, and that the invention involved the introduction of the Hiramic legend the next point for consideration is, to what source did the founders turn for material?  Beyond casual references to him, the Old Charges are silent concerning Hiram, and there is nothing to indicate that he was commemorated in any way.  He is simply referred to as a "Master of Geometry, " and the chief of all the various classes of workmen engaged in the building of the Temple. He appears to have been slightly more prominent in the ceremonial of the Rosicrucians with whom Freemasons are sometimes identified.  Professor Buhle, in his "Historico-Critical Enquiry into the Origin of the Rosicrucians and Freemasons, says: - -

"The building of Solomon's Temple had an obvious meaning as a prefiguration of Christianity.  Hiram, simply the architect of this temple to the real professors of the art of building, was to the English Rosicrucians a type of Christ: and the legend of Masons, which represented this Hiram as having been murdered by his fellow-workmen, made the type still more striking."

In a footnote to his Essay, Buhle explains that "Hiram " was understood by the older Freemasons as an anagram H.I.R.A.M. derived from two Latin phrases: the one, "Homo Jesus Redemptor AnimaruM," and the other, "Homo :us Rex Altissimus Mundi." By "older Freemasons," Ruble probably means Rosicrucian's as phrases relating to Jesus seem singularly out of place in the plan of Craft Masonry.

If the inventors of the third degree got the suggestion from the Rosicrucian's to make Hiram the central figure in their new scheme, it is very obvious that they found their details as to his murder in "The Legend of the Temple," and turned that story to suit the purpose they had in view. The Legend is given. at length in Charles William Heckethorn's singularly attractive work, "The Secret Societies of all Ages and Countries," from which it may be summarized as follows:

" Hiram, the descendent of Tubal-Cain, who first constructed a furnace and worked in metals, erected a marvelous building, the Temple of Solomon, raised the golden throne of Solomon, and built many glorious edifices. But, melancholy amidst all his greatness, he lived alone, understood and loved by few, hated by many, including Solomon, who was envious of his genius and glory. When Balkis, the Queen of Sheba, carne to Jerusalem, Solomon led her to behold the Temple, and the Queen was lost in admiration. The King, captivated by her beauty, offered his hand, which she accepted. On again visiting the Temple she repeatedly desired to see the architect. Solomon delayed as long as possible, but at last was forced to present Hiram Abiff to the Queen. When she wished to see the countless host of workmen that wrought at the Temple, Solomon protested the impossibility of assembling them all at once; but, Hiram, leaping on a stone to be better seen, with his right hand described in the air the symbolical Tau, and immediately the men hastened from all parts of the work into the presence of their master. At this the Queen wondered greatly, and secretly repented of the promise she had given the King, for she felt herself in love with the mighty architect. Solomon set himself to destroy this affection, and to prepare his rival's humiliation and ruin. For this purpose he employed three fellow-crafts, envious of Hiram, because he had refused to raise them to the degree of masters on account of their want of knowledge and their idleness. The black envy these three projected that the casting of the brazen sea, which was to raise the glory of Hiram its utmost height, should turn out a failure. The day for the casting arrived and the Queen Sheba was present. The doors that restrained the molten metal were opened, and torrents of liquid fire poured into the cast mould wherein the brazen sea was to assume its form. But the burning mass flowed like lava over the adjacent aces. The terrified crowd fled from the advancing stream of fire, while Hiram, calm, like a god, endeavored to arrest its advance with ponderous columns of water, but without success

"The dishonored artificer could not with draw himself from the scene of his discomfiture. Suddenly he heard a strange voice coming from above and crying, 'Hiram, Hiram, Hiram;' He raised his eyes and beheld a gigantic human figure. The apparition continued, `Come, my son, be without fear, I have rendered thee incombustible, cast thyself into the flames.' Hiram threw himself into the furnace, and where others would have found death, he tasted ineffable delights nor could he, drawn by an irresistible force, leave it, and asked him that drew him into the abyss, `Who art thou?' `I am the father of thy fathers,' was the answer, `I am Tubal-Cain.'

"Tubal-Cain introduced Hiram into the sanctuary of fire, and into the presence of Cain, to author of his race. When Hiram was about to be restored to earth, Tubal-Cain gave him the hammer with which he himself had wrought great things, and said to him, `Thanks to this hammer and the help of the genii of fire, thou shalt speedily accomplish the work left unfinished through man's stupidity and malignity.' Hiram did not hesitate to test the wonderful efficacy of the precious instrument, and the dawn saw the great mass of bronze cast. The artist felt the most lively joy. The Queen exulted.

"One day after this the Queen accompanied by her maids, went beyond Jerusalem, and there encountered Hiram, alone and thoughtful. . They mutually confessed their love. Solomon now hinted to the fellow-crafts that the removal of his rival, who refused to give them the master's word, would be acceptable unto himself; so when the architect came into the temple he was assailed and slain by them. They wrapped up his body, carried it to a solitary hill and buried it, planting over the grave a sprig of acacia.

"Hiram, not having made his appearance for seven days, Solomon, to satisfy the clamor of the people, was forced to have him searched for. The body was found by three masters, and they, suspecting that he had been slain by the three fellow-crafts for refusing them the master's word, determined nevertheless for greater security to change the word. The three fellow-crafts were traced, but rather than fall into the hands of their pursuers, they committed suicide, and their heads were brought to Solomon."

Based as it obviously was on this legend of the Temple, the question still remains, why was the story of the death of Hiram engrafted with so much detail upon Freemasonry? The postulant is taught that the peculiar object of the Third Degree is to teach the heart to seek for happiness in the consciousness of a life well-spent, and invited to reflect upon death and to realize that to the just and virtuous man death has no terrors equal to the stain of falsehood and dishonour. All excellent moral teaching, but not illustrated in any way by the career of Hiram Abiff concerning whose life and conduct we know absolutely nothing. And it seems that we must look for an explanation in some other direction.

Many writers - chiefly non-Masons - have sought to throw light upon the subject, and with one voice they agree that the story of the death of Hiram is simply the Masonic way of serving up an ancient mystery. Mr John Fellows, who brings a mass of knowledge to a study of the subject, says that "the story of Hiram is only another version, like those of Adonis and Astarte, and of Ceres and Prosperine, of the fable of Osiris and Isis. The likeness throughout," he adds, "is so exact as not to admit of doubt. The search for the body of Hiram; the enquiries made of a wayfaring man, and the intelligence received; the sitting down of one of the party to rest and refresh himself, and the hint conveyed by the sprig over the grave; the body of Hiram remaining fourteen days in the grave prepared by the assassins before it was discovered, all have allusion to, and comport with, the allegory of Osiris and Isis. The condition even in which the grave of Hiram is found, covered with green moss and turf, corresponds very much with that in which Isis found the coffin of Osiris."

Assuming that Mr Fellows and those who agree with him are correct what is the reason why the. inventors of the Third Degree in the first quarter of the eighteenth century gave a Biblical turn to an old-world fable and introduced it into Freemasonry to teach the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead? The question is not easy to answer, and at most one can but hazard a guess.

May it not be that those who were anxious to build up the degree found their starting point in the anagram familiar to the Rosicrucian's which, by a very striking coincidence, agreed with the name of the principal architect of the Temple? Thus directed to Hiram they, decided to turn that craftsman to account and found much material ready to their hands in the Legend of the Temple. But the love story of the Queen of Sheba and the jealousy of Solomon were of no dramatic value to them in developing the degree, and consequently they had to adapt the story to their particular needs. What the ultimate origin of Freemasonry was may never be discovered, but much of the elaborate ceremonial his a close affinity to early sun-worship and where, therefore, would the Authors more readily turn than to one of the solar myths. In the legend of Osiris they found something that fitted in exactly with their scheme, and just as the H.I.R.A.M. of the Rosicrucian's referred to that Son of God who is the Light of the World, so their Hiram was made to represent Osiris, or the sun, the glorious luminary of the day. The three fellow-crafts, as the ceremonial of the degree takes form, are stationed at the west, south and east entrances, and these are regions illuminated by the Sun. Twelve persons play an important part in the tragedy; the number, no doubt, alludes to the twelve signs of the Zodiac, and it has been suggested that the three assassins symbolize the three inferior signs of winter, Libra, Scorpio, and Sagittarius. The Sun descends in the west, and it is at the west door that Hiram is slain. The acacia which typifies the new vegetation that will come as "a result of the Sun's resurrection, and is found in many ancient solar allegories, and is therefore quite naturally introduced into the Masonic story. According to one statement, Hiram's body is found in a state of decay, having lain fourteen days; the body of Osiris was cut into fourteen pieces. Another statement insists that the body was found on the seventh day, and this again may allude to the resurrection of the Sun, "which actually takes place in the seventh month after his passage through the inferior signs, that passage which is called his descent into hell." Other details in the Masonic tragedy are related to the solar myth. It is through the instrumentality of Leo - the Lion - that Osiris is raised, for when he re-enters that sign, he regains his former strength. Hiram was raised by the Lion's grip, and it is by that grip that the Freemason is raised from a figurative death to a reunion with the companions of his former toil. The parallel is wonderfully complete.  

An early catechism of the Craft says that Masonry is "a system of morality, veiled in allegory, and illustrated by symbols." To-day it is something more. The first degree accords with the definition; but the second degree is largely concerned with the erection of a Temple to the Lord, and, the Third Degree points the Craftsman to the Grand Lodge above to which he may hope to ascend after he has passed through the valley of the shadow of death. All this is religion - not morals; and it is as part of our common faith in immortality that Hiram's death is used as an illustration in the high and sublime degree. Just. as, in early pagan belief, the Sun was supposed to lose his strength in the dark days of winter, and rise again to glory in the height of summer tide; and just as, in the ceremonial of the Rosicrucians, the Son of Man, who was slain had a glorious resurrection to eternal life, so, throughout all the world, wherever Craft Masonry is practiced, the postulant typifies our Master Hiram, not alone to show that death is preferable to dishonor, but to impress upon the Fraternity that the just and virtuous man may hope to be received as a worthy brother into the Grand Lodge above, where the world's Great Architect rules and reigns forever.

 http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/story_of_hiram_abiff.htm

[CrackSmokeRepublican]

Note the following is interesting. I'm not a big believer in "Bloodlines" or the "Priory of Zion" across Western-European history though this article mentions them.  So, warning... some good info mixed with junk.

---------

UNDERSTANDING SATAN'S PLAN

To Counterfeit the Second Coming of Christ & the Restoration of All Things

ISRAEL
          N.B. Each topic is titled with a familiar Bible term. The parenthesis ( ) which follows identifies either the actual or a counterfeit fulfillment of prophecy through the agency of the secret societies. Please see Introduction for protocols of this prophecy study.

    24.  NEW JERUSALEM

        A.   Israel Regathered  (Zionism)
        B.   Millennial Covenant  (New Age Covenant)
        C.   Solomon's Temple  (Ezekiel's Temple)
        D.   Abomination of Desolation  (Obelisk)
        E.   Zadok Priesthood (Essenes)
        F.   The 144,000 (Monastic Communities)

24. NEW JERUSALEM

    24-A. ISRAEL REGATHERED (Zionism)

PREMISE

    * When Jesus Christ returns, He will regather the remnant of Israel, dissolve the state of Palestine and establish Zion as the headquarters of the Millennial Kingdom.
    * The Zionists are presently gathering the Zionist Jews to Israel but excluding true Torah Jews. During the Tribulation period, they will attempt to destroy the state of Palestine in order to establish the headquarters of the Antichrist in Israel.

God's Plan
    Pre-Flood Era       Old Testament      
Church Age (Last Days)
Tribulation
Great Tribulation
Millennium
New Heavens & New Earth
Satan's Counterfeit
   Pre-Flood Era    Old Testament
Church Age
    Tribulation      
Great Tribulation
Golden Age
   New Heavens & New Earth
PROGRAM OF GOD

    Old Testament Period: The law and precedent for redeeming the land of Israel are found in the Old Testament. King Solomon expanded Israel to God's landmarks.

    Church Age: God is using unsaved man to regather unsaved Israel into Palestine, a process necessary for the Tribulation judgments to begin and the Temple to be rebuilt.

    Great Tribulation/Millennium: When Israel's true redeemer, Jesus Christ, returns, He and His angels will regather Israel (which fled into the wilderness at mid-Tribulation), dissolve the state of Palestine and establish Zion as the headquarters of the Millennial Kingdom.

PROGRAM OF SATANIC DUPLICATION

    Old Testament Period: The Tribe of Dan began its migration from northern Israel through Sparta and Troy and into Europe.
    Church Age:  Kabbalist Jews spearhead the Zionist movement in order to buy back the land of Palestine and create the nation of Israel.
    Tribulation: The Roman prince will establish a false covenant with Israel and other nations to facilitate the rebuilding of the Temple of Solomon.
    Great Tribulation: The Antichrist who will be of the Tribe of Dan will control the nation of Israel/Jerusalem.

    In His sovereign plan, God is allowing the Kabbalist Jews to create a false Messianic kingdom that will be ruled by the Antichrist prior to the Second Coming of Jesus Christ to establish His kingdom at the end of the Tribulation Period. (See: Kingdom of Christ/Theocracy 10.C)  Zionism -- not to be confused with Judaism -- is a political movement conceived in the secret societies of Judeo-Freemasonry, which is using undiscerning Evangelical Christians to advance their Antichrist agenda. The House of Rothschild, which may belong to the Tribe of Dan, paid for the land and State of Israel and is at the helm of the Zionist Movement.  The name Rothschild really means "Ruth's Child", indicative of Merovingian nobility and its much vaunted Davidic birthright. In the Old Testament, Ruth, the Moabite widow, married Boaz and bore Obed, who became the grandfather of David. In Merovingian lore and Freemasonry, the 'Sons of the Widow' are the descendants of Ruth.

PROPHETIC DISPENSATIONS
    PROGRAM OF GOD
    OLD TESTAMENT PERIOD

    * The law and a precedent for redeeming land in Israel are found in the Old Testament.

    And if a sojourner or stranger wax rich by thee, and thy brother that dwelleth by him wax poor, and sell himself unto the stranger or sojourner by thee, or to the stock of the stranger's family:  After that he is sold he may be redeemed again; one of his brethren may redeem him: Either his uncle, or his uncle's son, may redeem him, or any that is nigh of kin unto him of his family may redeem him; or if he be able, he may redeem himself. - Lev. 25:47-49

    ...Then said Boaz, What day thou buyest the field of the hand of Naomi, thou must buy it also of Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of the dead, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance... And Boaz said unto the elders, and unto all the people, Ye are witnesses this day, that I have bought all that was Elimelech's, and all that was Chilion's and Mahlon's, of the hand of Naomi.  Moreover Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, have I purchased to be my wife, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance, that the name of the dead be not cut off from among his brethren, and from the gate of his place: ye are witnesses this day... So Boaz took Ruth, and she was his wife: and when he went in unto her, the LORD gave her conception, and she bare a son. And the women said unto Naomi, Blessed be the LORD, which hath not left thee this day without a kinsman, that his name may be famous in Israel. And he shall be unto thee a restorer of thy life, and a nourisher of thine old age: for thy daughter in law, which loveth thee, which is better to thee than seven sons, hath born him.  And Naomi took the child, and laid it in her bosom, and became nurse unto it. And the women her neighbours gave it a name, saying, There is a son born to Naomi; and they called his name Obed: he is the father of Jesse, the father of David. - Ruth 4:1,9,10,13-22

    "According to the custom of retribution, it fell to the nearest kinsman to avenge the blood of a slain relative; to protect the life and property of a relative. This obligation was called by the Israelites redeeming, and the man who was bound to fulfill it the redeemer. The law and duty of the redeemer are assumed by Moses as a matter of tradition and brought under theocratic principle. Redeemers are reckoned full brothers, next to them the father's brothers, then full cousins, finally the other blood relatives of the clan (Lev. 25:48-49). Since the Hebrews were an agricultural people, the chief function of the redeemer (go'el) was to 'redeem' the land that had been sold by a brother in distress. When the nation came into bondage it needed a redeemer through the 'redemption' of the lands to be secured and they looked to Jehovah to become their go'el.  Thus the Exile gave a force and a meaning to the term more striking than it could have had before." - 299:1068

    * King Solomon expanded Israel to God's ancient landmarks.
    Remove not the ancient landmark, which thy fathers have set. - Prov. 22:28
    And Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river unto the land of the Philistines, and unto the border of Egypt... - I Kings 4:21
    He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth. - Psalm 72:8

    CHURCH AGE
    * God is using unsaved man to regather unsaved Israel into Palestine; this process is necessary for the Tribulation judgments to begin and the Temple to be rebuilt.

    Then he said unto me, Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel: behold, they say, Our bones are dried, and our hope is lost: we are cut off for our parts. Therefore prophesy and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, O my people, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up out of your graves, and bring you into the land of Israel. - Ezek. 37:11-12

    As I live, saith the Lord GOD, surely with a mighty hand, and with a stretched out arm, and with fury poured out, will I rule over you: And I will bring you out from the people, and will gather you out of the countries wherein ye are scattered, with a mighty hand, and with a stretched out arm, and with fury poured out. And I will bring you into the wilderness of the people, and there will I plead with you face to face. Like as I pleaded with your fathers in the wilderness of the land of Egypt, so will I plead with you, saith the Lord GOD.  And I will cause you to pass under the rod, and I will bring you into the bond of the covenant: And I will purge out from among you the rebels, and them that transgress against me: I will bring them forth out of the country where they sojourn, and they shall not enter into the land of Israel: and ye shall know that I am the LORD. - Ezek. 20: 33-38

GREAT TRIBULATION (end) / MILLENNIUM (beg)
    * When Jesus Christ returns, He and His angels will regather Israel (which fled into the wilderness at mid-Tribulation), dissolve the state of Palestine and establish Zion as the headquarters of His Millennial Kingdom.

    O Jerusalem, Jerusalem...behold, your house is left unto you desolate... for I say unto you, Ye shall not see Me henceforth, till Ye shall say, Blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord. - Matt.23:37-39

    Rejoice not thou, whole Palestina, because the rod of him that smote thee is broken: for out of the serpent's root shall come forth a cockatrice, and his fruit shall be a fiery flying serpent. And the firstborn of the poor shall feed, and the needy shall lie down in safety: and I will kill thy root with famine, and he shall slay thy remnant.  Howl, O gate; cry, O city; thou, whole Palestina, art dissolved: for there shall come from the north a smoke, and none shall be alone in his appointed times. What shall one then answer the messengers of the nation? That the LORD hath founded Zion, and the poor of his people shall trust in it. - Is. 14:29-32

    Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with righteousness. - Is. 1:27

    How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace; that bringeth good tidings of good, that publisheth salvation; that saith unto Zion, Thy God reigneth! Thy watchmen shall lift up the voice; with the voice together shall they sing: for they shall see eye to eye, when the LORD shall bring again Zion.  Break forth into joy, sing together, ye waste places of Jerusalem: for the LORD hath comforted his people, he hath redeemed Jerusalem. The LORD hath made bare his holy arm in the eyes of all the nations; and all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God. - Is. 52:7-10

    In that day, saith the LORD, will I assemble her that halteth, and I will gather her that is driven out, and her that I have afflicted; And I will make her that halted a remnant, and her that was cast far off a strong nation: and the LORD shall reign over them in mount Zion from henceforth, even for ever. Micah 4:6-7

    Sing, O daughter of Zion; shout, O Israel; be glad and rejoice with all the heart, O daughter of Jerusalem. The LORD hath taken away thy judgments, he hath cast out thine enemy: the king of Israel, even the LORD, is in the midst of thee: thou shalt not see evil any more.  In that day it shall be said to Jerusalem, Fear thou not: and to Zion, Let not thine hands be slack... At that time will I bring you again, even in the time that I gather you: for I will make you a name and a praise among all people of the earth, when I turn back your captivity before your eyes, saith the LORD. Zeph. 3:14-16,20

    * Jesus Christ will rule over Israel which will extend from the Mediterranean Sea to the Euphrates River.

    "Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass. And I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim, and the horse from Jerusalem, and the battle bow shall be cut off: and he shall speak peace unto the heathen: and his dominion shall be from sea even to sea, and from the river even to the ends of the earth." - Zech. 9:9-10

    PROGRAM OF SATANIC DUPLICATION

     OLD TESTAMENT PERIOD

    * 721 B.C. - Tribe of Dan began migration from Israel to Sparta to Troy to Europe where they would become the Merovingian nobility.

        "Thus, we have the migration of the tribe of Dan. Having been pushed out of their territory west of Jerusalem, they went north into Lebanon. The story is found in Judges 18. According to the chapter, the tribe of Dan established an idolatrous religion -- the worship of the sun and moon. The summation of their move is given in the book of Judges:

        'And they called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan, their father, who was born unto Israel; howbeit, the name of the city was Laish at the first.  

        'And the children of Dan set up the graven image; and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land' (Judges 29-30).  

        "According to the story, the tribe of Dan moved into Lebanon, where they lived for at least the next 600 years. In the year 721 B.C., the Assyrians took the northern ten tribes captive." - 127:104-6  

        "The Spartans lived in Laconia, near Arcadia, in the southern Greek peninsula called Peloponnesus. Over the centuries some of the group migrated northeast across the Aegean Sea to build the ancient city of Troy. There came a time when Paris, the Trojan prince, fell in love with Helen, wife of the Spartan king, kidnapped her and removed her to the city of Troy. By the way, Paris was the one after whom the capital of France was named. There is also a city in  France named Troyes, after the ancient Trojan capital -- for the Merovingian French royalty claimed descent from the Trojans...

        "Over the centuries some of the Spartans migrated into southern France, and some of the surviving Trojans moved north and west into Germany, Belgium and northern France, following the Danube River, and eventually settled in the region that became known as Austrasia in the province of Lorraine. The lineage of the Merovingian kings, therefore, may have been rooted in the Trojans." - 127:104-6  

        "The Cimri are said to be a Judaic tribe whose remnants settled in England and Jutland. Here is the Red Line of Roth and Ruth... Antenor 1 483-443 BC, King of the Cimmerians Scythia on Black Sea, (union of Scyth & Kimmer?). By legend the King (Euxim) of the Cimmerians was descended from the Royal line of TROY.  It is from this line that the Merovingian dynasty of France has its source. Marcomir 460-396 BC; Antenor II (Sicambri Kings) 442-384 BC, first King of the Sicambri (his wife was Cambri, ie Cimmerian) 384 BC TO 63 BC (Sicambri kings; parallels timeline of Scythians arriving in Scotland) Note: modern town of KIMRI on Volga River, Russia. Kimri means 'red'." - 567

        * Rothschild really means "Ruth's Child" signifying this dynasty's false claim to the lineage of David and entitlement to redeem the land of Israel.

        "The Guild of Masons, who built Chartres and other French cathedrals, were called the 'Children of Solomon'. Hiram Abiff, the architect of King Solomon's Temple, was a Hermetic alchemist--described as 'an artificer in metals'.  His ancient forerunner was Tubal-cain (Genesis 4:22), the son of Lamech, and the teacher of all who followed.  In Freemasonry, Hiram Abiff is identified as the 'Son of the Widow' -- and in Grail lore, the constant epithet of Perceval is precisely the same. The original 'widow' of the Grail bloodline was Ruth the Moabite (heroine of the book of Ruth), who married Boaz to become the great-grandmother of David. Her descendants were called Sons of the Widow." - 29:247

    CHURCH AGE
      4th C. AD - Roman Empire established under symbol of the Tribe of Dan.

        "To Dan was given the symbol of Scorpio, which, in the ancient Egyptian zodiac was a snake. However, when the time came to hoist the symbol of the snake, Ahiezer refused and chose instead the symbol of an eagle. According to Unger's  Bible Dictionary:  

        "'Dan's position in the journey was on the north of the Tabernacle, with Asher and Naphtali. The standard of the tribe was of white and red, and the crest upon it, an eagle, the great foe to serpents, which had been chosen by the leader instead of a serpent, because Jacob had compared Dan to a serpent.  Ahiezer substituted the eagle, the destroyer of serpents, as he shrank from carrying an adder upon his flag.' It may prove  worthwhile to consider the possible connection to the tribe of Dan whenever an eagle is used as the symbol of subsequent  leaders or nations. Here are the clues which could connect the tribe of Dan with  the political leaders of the Greeks, the Romans, the Germans,  the French -- all of the thrones of Europe, including the  leaders of ancient Czarist Russia...

        "The symbol of imperial Rome was a single headed eagle, but after Constantine divided the empire in the 4th century A.D., and moved his throne to Constantinople, a two headed eagle evolved as the symbol of the Byzantine Roman Empire...

        "In chapter 11, Esdras, a captive rabbi in Babylon, dreams a dream -- which enlarges upon the eagle plucked from the back of the lion found in Daniel's vision: 'Then saw I a dream, and, behold, there came up from the sea an eagle, which had twelve wings, and three heads.' In the vision, the prophet is told that the wings represent a dynasty of kings who would rule in succession and that the three heads represented the development (worldwide expansion) of the empire, with its various divisions...

        "The other two heads of the eagle could represent the succeeding Holy Roman Empire which was split under the leadership of Constantine. The division destroyed its imperial power and weakened Roman rule. Over the centuries, the Church at Rome devoured the Eastern Orthodox Church, which ruled from Constantinople. For nearly a thousand years, the power of the Holy Roman Empire was unchallenged." - 127:117 123

    See: The Lost Tribe of Dan*
      360 A.D. – Roman Emperor promises the Jews he will rebuild the Temple of Solomon.

    "In the year 360 Julian, a cousin of Constantine, was proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army. Constantine, who had prepared for battle against him, died on the way; this made easier the final victory for Julian and his proclamation as Emperor of the Orient and Occident. The policy of Julian had three principle aims:  I. To renew the Pagan belief and to again declare it a state religion of the Empire, so that Rome which according to his view had declined through Christianity, might return to its old glory.  II. To destroy Christianity.  III. To concede to Jewry its old positions, from which it had been expelled by Constantine and his sons; even the rebuilding of the Temple of Solomon was to be arranged...

    "Graetz likewise establishes that Julian called the leader of Jewry in the Empire, the patriarch Hillel, literally 'his respected friend,' and promised him in a personal letter to make an end of the misdeeds committed by the Christian Emperors against the Jews. Further, Julian made all necessary preparations in order to begin the rebuilding of the Temple of Jerusalem. He addressed a letter to all Jewish congregations of the Empire, in which he spoke in friendly way of the leader of Jewry in the Empire, the Patriarch Julos (Hillel), as his brother. He promised the abolition of the high taxes laid upon the Israelites by the Christians, guaranteed that in future none should accuse them of blasphemy, promised freedom and security and promised to have Jerusalem rebuilt at his expense, as soon as he returned victorious from the Persian war. For the rebuilding of the Temple of Jerusalem Julian commissioned his best friend, Alypius of Antioch, to whom he gave instructions to spare no expense, and commanded the governors of Palestine and Syria, to assist with everything necessary...

    "'The death of Julian close to the Tigris (June 363) robbed the Jews of their last ray of hope...'" - 525:285
      496 A.D. - A Merovingian is crowned King of the Holy Roman Empire.

        "The implications of the visionary eagle are incredible. It may well represent the historical development of the Roman Empire. May I point out that the Habsburg Dynasty provided most of the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire from 1273 to 1806. And before that, in A.D. 496, King Clovis, the grandson of Merovee, was crowned emperor of the Western Roman Empire following the death of Constantine, and the division of the government. As incredible as it may seem, the family crest of the Habsburg Dynasty is a two-headed eagle.  

        "Could the vision of Esdras be accurate after all? His three headed eagle appears to be an uncanny portrayal of the history and development of Roman rule -- or perhaps we should say, of Merovingian rule, for the Roman Empire was started by Aeneas, a Trojan prince, whose ancestors were Spartans, who claimed to be of the stock of Abraham! - 127:127

      8-10th C. AD – Oral composition of the epic poem, Beowulf, in central England; transcribed into West Saxon dialect (OE).  Beowulf inspired the legend of King Arthur and Knights of the Round Table.  The character of Hrothmund in Beowulf prefigured Rothshild of the Tribe of Dan.  

     "The name Rothschild can also mean 'famous protection'. The name Rutgard is similar to H-rothmund, it having the eliments of 'red-guard'. Rot is also 'red' and mund means 'protection'. In the book on names it says; 'hruom+ Rhum, and, munt= Schutz' I have yet to find the menaing of Schutz, but is similar to Schild.  My Rougemont kin come from Danland, a land said to be named after the tribe of Dan. Woden appears to be a worshipper of Baal, as was Beli. Wasn't Ruth offered protection by her kinsman, Boaz, after her husband was killed in battle? Ruth is a childless widow. She and Boaz married in Bethleham their son Obed was the father of Jesse, the father of David. The 'Widow's Son' is the 'Seed of David'. Didn't king David have red hair? Did David carry a Red Shield?

     "Hrothmund appears in 'Beowulf' as a Danish King who is usurped.  In the genealogy below one can trace the historic Hrothmund to Alfred the Great via the Anglian Kings, and Emma Ferch the daughter of Chlothar 2. It was Rosamund 'Queen of Lombards' who took the daughter of Chlotsuinda the daughter of Chlothar 'King of Franks' to Ravenna after having her husband Albion murdered, this child his by his marriage to a Frankish Princess.

     "King Herny the second claimed he was descended from Trojans, his mother the Empress of the Holy Roman Empire, and a German. Henry spoke German, and refused to speak English. That he built a Troy-town, a Labyrinth for Fair Rosamond, suggests Henry understood his linege, and that King David and Ruth were his kin? That Pharamond ends up as a Knight of the Round Table suggests the Popes have been having their way with history, the Franks a German tribe that rivaled the Saxons and the Lombards? That the Pharamond and other Frankish Kings worshipped Rosemonde in Gauthier de Costos' 'Pharmond', suggests history is trying to be righted, there more direct lines to King David then the authors of [Holy Blood, Holy Grail] were aware of?

     "Hrothmund is the great great grandson of Woden. He is descended From Beli Mawr, and Aeneas and Brutus the Trojans. I believe this is the oldest spelling of the name Rosamunde that is old-high-German hruon=Ruhm, meaning fame, honor; and munt, which means protection 'famous protection'. The Cambrians are the Cimri, who are mentioned in the Bible and descend from Noah, Japheth, and Gomer and Gog and MaGog. Kimri means 'red'. Rudolph has a similar meaning to Hruomund. It is now evident Hromund Gripsson is a Rosamund. This saga inspired some aspects of the Arthurian Legends. I suspect the 'Lady of the Lake' is the pike that swallowed Hromund's sword 'Mistletoe'."... - 566

    See also:
    1889-91: Lord Rothschild named trustee of the Rhodes Trust for Cecil Rhodes' Round Table
    1917: Lord Rothschild recipient of Balfor Declaration to establish Palestine as homeland for the Jews
      1088 A.D. - A Merovingian becomes Pope setting the stage the First Crusade to reclaim Jerusalem.

    "1088: Urban II, French Prior of Cluny (Reformed Benedictines) becomes the pope. Urban was of the 'Eudes' family, not only the name of the King of the Franks, Eudes, who ruled 888 to 898 and considered one of the antecedent kings of the Capetian House of France, but also the name of the Royal Capetian line of Burgundy, great grandson of Hugh Capet, Eudes I the RED of Burgundy who acceded 1079, NINE years before Urban (Eudes) became pope. And Eudes the Red acceded in that specific year because his brother, Hugh I of Burgundy, had abdicated to become the Prior of Cluny! Now something is very amiss here ! Is this just coincidence ? Both were sons of Henry of Burgundy who married Sibylle of Barcelona. Henry was son of Robert I of Burgundy, who was the son of Hugh Capet. Barcelona, home of their mother, was part of the Spanish March connected to Septimania and, here too, the Duke of Aquitaine in 1012 was Eudes of Aquitaine ! And Aquitaine and Septimania are extremely significant : It happens that Septimania (Languedoc) is exactly where the Jesus-Magdalene heresy flourished, and where there was a large population of Cathar Jews who were given independent status by Pepin, Carolingian King. Thence their own kings ruled as: "seed of the Royal House of David", each acknowledged as "King of the Jews", most famous of whom was Guillem de Gellone, the Prince of Orange. Confusing this issue, these kings also claimed to be of Merovingian descent..." - 550

      1095 A.D. – The First Crusade to reclaim the Holy Land.

    "The picture that was emerging was of a group of European noble families, descended from the Jewish lines of David and Aaron, who had escaped from Jerusalem shortly before, or possibly even just after, the fall of the Temple.  They had passed down the knowledge of the artifacts concealed beneath the Temple to a chosen son (not necessarily the eldest) of each family. Some of the families involved were the Counts of Champagne, Lords of Gisors, Lords of Payen, Counts of Fontaine, Counts of Anjou, de Bouillon, St Clairs of Roslin, Brienne, Joinville, Chaumont, St Clair de Gisor, St Clair de Neg and the Hapsburgs...

"If the Rex Deus group did exist, it is easy to see how the First Crusade provided these families with a 'God-given' opportunity to return to their Holy Temple to recover the treasure that was their birthright - and it would be done at exactly the same time that the Jewish writer of the Gospel of John the Divine had predicted! The Rex Deus families were at the forefront of the First, and every Crusade. Medieval scholars have long wondered why it should be that the same families drove all of the Crusades for their entire duration, and now we had a possible answer.

     "Once the Christian armies had secured Jerusalem, the non-Rex Deus leaders were quickly removed and the families infiltrated the Jerusalem monarchy and the Church, to ensure that they would not be blocked in the holy endeavor of the 'Kings of God' to regain what their ancestors had left for them.

"The story of the Rex Deus families explained how the band of Christian knights knew exactly what they were going to find, and the naming of Roslin now made perfect sense.  Henri St Clair took the title that displayed his excitement at regaining the 'ancient knowledge passed down the generations.'

"Following the fall of Jerusalem, a contingent of elders from the Jerusalem Church escaped the carnage and headed for Alexandria, which had, in many ways, become the second city for the Jews. Here, the small group took stock of their position and decided to head for Greece from where they eventually spread out to other European cities.  They adopted communities, taking names that made them seem less foreign.  They were highly intelligent people, descended from the aristocracy of the Jews, and most prospered.  As each generation came and went, all memory of their origin faded, but one son was chosen and, when he attained the status of full manhood, was told of his strange birthright and the secrets of the Temple. Over time, some of the individual families lost contact with each other, but the chosen sons knew that others existed and how to recognize them if approached.

"By 1095, the members of the Rex Deus families group were almost certainly fully Christianised, yet each of them must have had at least one male member who held the traditional history of their high-born Jewish roots close to his heart. No doubt they saw themselves as 'super-Christians', descendants of the very first Church, and privy to the greatest secret this side of heaven. They were a silent elite – 'the kings of God'.

"They realised that the taking of Jerusalem by the Seljuk Turks was the foretold attack of Gog and Magog and they used their considerable influence to plant the idea of a great Christian crusade into the mind of Pope Urban II. They told him that the prophecy of John the Divine had come true and it would be his great role to lead Christendom to rescue the Holy City from the heathen invaders. Indeed, the history books record that his leadership marked the papacy's assumption of the leadership of Western Christendom...

"It struck us as a strange coincidence that the two key figures of the First Crusade both died the very instant that Jerusalem was secured. Had the warrior chief, Godfrey de Bouillon, and the spiritual leader, Urban II...served their purpose, and been quietly dispatched?" – 95:76,79-81

      1118 A.D. – Patriarch of Constantinople and Knights Templar conspire to rebuild the Temple of Solomon.

"In 1118, nine Knights Crusaders in the East, among whom were Geoffroi de Saint-Omer and Hugues de Payens, consecrated themselves to religion, and took an oath between the hands of the Patriarch of Constantinople, a See always secretly or openly hostile to that of Rome from the time of Photius. The avowed object of the Templars was to protect the Christians who came to visit the Holy Places: their secret object was the rebuilding of the Temple of Solomon on the model prophesied by Ezekiel. This re-building, formally predicted by the Judaizing Mystics of the earlier ages, had become the secret dream of the Patriarchs of the Orient. The Temple of Solomon, re-built and consecrated to the Catholic worship would become, in effect, the Metropolis of the Universe; the East would prevail over the West, and the Patriarchs of Constantinople would possess themselves of the Papal power." - 552 ("The Johannite Legend of the Templars")

      1642-1727 – Sir Isaac Newton, Grand Master of the Prieuré de Sion (1691-1727), foretells that a company of prophecy teachers will be raised up in the end time.

"About the time of the end, a body of men will be raised up who will turn their attention to the Prophecies, and insist upon their literal interpretation, in the midst of much clamor and opposition." (Sir Isaac Newton, 1642-1727) - 431

      1776 - House of Rothschild founded; Mayer Amschel Rothschild is one of the original founders of the German branch of 'The Illuminati'.

"On 1 May 1776 Weishaupt announced the foundation of the Order of Perfectibilis which later became widely known as the Illuminati." - 25:61

"Weishaupt produced the 'Law of Five.'  His original inner council was structured around the pentagram (symbol of Blazing Star Sirius). According to our teaching [Schnoebelen was a Mason] this inner council was made up of five men; Weishaupt's friend, Kolmer [a Cabalist], Francis Dashwood (of the Satanic Hell Fire Club), Alphonse Donatién de Sade (where we get the word 'Sadism'), Mayer Amschel Rothschild (founder of the great banking house) and Weishaupt." - 555:186

"The House of Rothschild was founded in 1776 in Frankfurt, Germany by Mayer Amschel Rothschild - (born 1743 in Frankfurt, Germany). Mayer fathered five boys who would establish the most successful merchant banking network in England (Nathan), France (James), Austria (Salomon), Prussia (Amschel) and Italy (Carl)." - 561

      1778 - Haim Solomon finances Revolutionary War victory at Valley Forge; George Washington authorizes Star of David on dollar bill.

"America has been blessed by the Jewish community. Let me take you back to a story of the American revolution and Haim Solomon, a Philadelphia banker. When George Washington and the Continental Army were fighting for their very lives in the snows of Valley Forge, they didn't have enough food to eat, they didn't have enough weapons, they didn't have enough ammunition to fight the British; it looked like life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness would never happen. Haim Solomon went to the Jewish people of America and the Jewish people of Europe and raised millions of dollars and gave it to George Washington. That contribution turned the tide of the American revolution. George Washington was so appreciative of Haim Solomon's contribution that he had the engravers of the American one dollar bill express his appreciation to the Jewish people by placing this insignia over the head of the American eagle. It is the Mogan David, the Star of David ✡. In addition, around the Mogan David is the cloud burst of the Shekinah Glory of God that was over the Tabernacle. If you turn it upside down, then you have the Menorah. The contribution the Jewish people made to assist America in the war effort was one that George Washington insisted that all Americans know about." - 560:21

      1809 - House of Rothschild is well-established in Freemasonry.

"Edmund Rothschild was president of the Jewish Colonization Association, which was a major Zionist group.... The Masonic reference book '10,000 Famous Freemasons,' Vol. 4, p. 74, indicates two other sons of Amschel were Masons, James Meyer Rothschild, and his brother Nathan Meyer Rothschild.  James Rothschild in Paris was a 33 degree Scottish Rite Mason, and his brother Nathan in London was a member of the Lodge of Emulation. And Jewish Freemason Katz indicates Solomon Meyer Rothschild, a third member of the five brothers, was initiated into Freemasonry on June 14, 1809.

    "The Rothschilds became powerful within Freemasonry." - 77:152-53

      1823 - House of Rothschild takes over financial operations of the Catholic Church.

"Early in the 19th century the Pope came to the Rothschild's to borrow money. The Rothschilds were very friendly with the Pope, causing one journalist to sarcastically say 'Rothschild has kissed the hand of the Pope... Order has been reestablished.' The Rothschild's in fact over time were entrusted with the bulk of the Vatican's wealth.  The Jewish Ency., vol. 2, p. 497 states, 'It is a somewhat curious sequel to the attempt to set up a Catholic competitor to the Rothschilds that at the present time (1905) the latter are guardians of the papal treasure.' Researcher Eustace Mullins writes that the Rothschilds took over all the financial operations of the worldwide Catholic Church in 1823.  Today the large banking and financial business of the Catholic Church is an extensive system interlocked with the Rothschilds and the rest of the International Banking system." - 77:154

      1836 A.D. - Rothschild purchases land in Palestine.

"In 1836, [Zevi] Kalischer appealed to Mayer Amschel (...Rothschild) to buy out completely the land of Israel or at least Jerusalem and particularly the Temple area in order to 'bring about the miraculous redemption from below'. Zevi Kalischer said the salvation promised by the prophets of old could come only gradually and by self-help from the Jews." - 211:63

      1837 - Illegitimate birth of Adolf Hitler's father, who was the son of Salomon Mayer Rothschild.

        "Alois, Hitler's father, was born in 1837 in the period when Salomon Mayer was the only Rothschild who lived at the Vienna mansion. Even his wife did not live there because their marriage was so bad that she stayed in Frankfurt. Their son, Anselm Salomon spent most of his working life in Paris and Frankfurt away from Vienna and his father.

        "Father Salomon Mayer, living alone at the Vienna mansion where Hitler's grandmother worked, is the prime, most obvious candidate. And Hermann von Goldschmidt, the son of Salomon Mayer's senior clerk, wrote a book, published in 1917, which said of Salomon:

            '...by the 1840s he had developed a somewhat reckless enthusiasm for young girls..' and

            'He had a lecherous passion for very young girls, his adventures with whom had to be hushed up by the police.'

        "And Hitler's grandmother, a young girl working under the same roof would not have been the subject of Salomon's desire? And this same girl became pregnant while working there? And her grandson becomes the Chancellor of Germany, funded by the Rothschilds, and he started the Second World War which was so vital to the Rothschild-Illuminati agenda? And the Illuminati are obsessed with putting their bloodlines into power on all 'sides' in a conflict? And the Rothschilds are one of their most key bloodlines? And it is all a co-incidence?" - 563

      1840 - The Damascus Affair begins Jewish emigration to Palestine.

"The year 1840 brought with it problems in Damascus. Father Thomas, a Capuchian of the Catholic faith, disappeared; it was reputed that he had been murdered by Jews for ritual purposes. French and Syrian authorities joined in and many Jewish adults and children were arrested and tortured; some were even killed. Rothschild and Montefiore and Cremieux got together, sought action, and this resulted in Jewish people going to work on Rothschild's projects in Palestine. It is said, in fact, that it was this Damascus affair which helped establish the groundwork for the Alliance Israelite Universelle founded by Rothschild twenty years later." - 211:63-4

      1843 - Founding of B'nai B'rith by Scottish Rite Freemasonry laid groundwork for establishment of a Jewish homeland.

"One of the most powerful Jewish Societies in the world is the 'Independent Order of B'nai B'rith.' In Hebrew, this literally means 'Sons of the Covenant,' being that of circumcision. Founded in New York in 1843, the order was not established in England until 1910, but since then it has succeeded in gaining control over all Jewish organizations. Among its members today are Chaim Weizmann (the Zionist leader). Dr. J. R. Hertz, (Chief Rabbi of England), Mrs. Neville Laski (President of the Jewish Board of Deputies), and Israel Moses Sietff (well known Zionist and communal worker.)

"A short history of the B'nai B'rith in England, written by Paul Goodman, a past president, for private circulation among its members, gives a clear insight into the way pressure was put upon governments throughout the world in Jewish interests... B'nai B'rith is Zionist, it laid the foundation of the Jewish home and in the United States it is the power behind the President.

"...In political cooperation with the Alliance Israelite Universelle and other national and International Jewish bodies, B'nai B'rith has for many decades been recognized as the representative of American Jewry in the protection of Jewish interests.' He then went on to say that Russian Jews had been armed by world Jewry for their fight against the Russian Monarchy." - 1101

"The Independent Order of B'nai B'rith formed in 1843 as a Jewish community sub-project in the restoration of Masonry by the Scottish Rite and the British foreign office. Though most of its lodges were in the North, B'nai B'rith was openly pro-Confederate. Though it claimed to be neutral in the war, many of the Order's Northern spokesmen were stridently pro-slavery. B'nai B'rith's post-Civil War leaders were pro-Confederate operatives, including later president Simon Wolf, who had been arrested by the War Department in Washington, D.C. as the lawyer for a Confederate spy ring.

"Rabbi Isaac Wise established B'nai B'rith's center for the 'liberalizing' of Judaism in Cincinnati, Ohio - coinciding with Cincinnati's other great Scottish Rite scheme, the launching of the Knights of the Golden Circle. Wise was officially neutral in the Civil War. Core leaders of the B'nai B'rith from then on have been Scottish Rite Masons. The political establishment associated with the Order has always had its headquarters in London..." - 1103

      1854 - Rothschild correspondence destroyed.

    "...Rothschild biographer, Niall Ferguson, noted there is a 'substantial and unexplained gap' in private Rothschild correspondence between 1854 and 1860 and that nearly all copies of outgoing letters from the London Rothschilds 'were destroyed at the orders of successive senior partners.'" - 482:208

      1860 - Formation of Alliance Israelite Universelle to penetrate all religions and unite them under World Jewry.

"Fould, the Rothschilds of Paris, London and Vienna, Montefiore, Disraeli, the Goldsmids, were not less Jews than Karl Marx, Moses Hess, Jacoby, Lassalle, Venedy, Riesser. ...And although their respective activities seem to stand so far apart, yet they are all linked, all tending towards the same end. One of the most striking instances is the case of Adolphe Cremieux who ...was connected with all parties and actually helped form the center which united them all, viz. The Alliance Israelite Universelle, which was, in fact, the central Kabal for Universal Jewry. The life of Adolphe Cremieux and the activities of his Jewish contemporaries, belonging to widely divergent social spheres, illustrate forcibly the concerted plan of Judaism to reach its secret Messianic hope of world domination...

"Cremieux's Jewish activities are exemplified by the part he took in the Damascus Affair with Moses Montefiore, a Jew from England, when Jewry successfully but unconvincingly silenced the accusation of ritual murder committed upon the Catholic priest, Father Thomas, at Damascus, in 1840. He had a prominent share in the foundation and development of the Alliance Israelite Universelle.
    "Officially founded in 1860, this international union of disseminated Jewry had, as we know, existed for centuries, but after the Damascus affair, the Jewish leaders knew that they had attained sufficient power to feel enabled to show to the whole world that although the civil rights they enjoyed had been granted them by different countries, the real allegiance of each and every one of them was due to their Jewish nationality...

"From 1871 until his death, it can be safely asserted that Crémieux, as President of the Alliance Israélite Universelle and Grand Master of the Scottish Rite, exercised a tremendous influence upon the anti-religious campaign which followed the Franco-Prussian War. In this as in all his lifelong activities, Crémieux was only obeying the teachings of the Talmud and trying to destroy every religion but that contained in Judaism. His favourite theme was that there should be only one cult — and that cult should be Jewish.  At a general assembly of the Alliance Israilite Universelle, on May 31, 1864, Crimieux had said: 'The Alliance is not limited to our cult, it voices its appeal to all cults and wants to penetrate in all the religions as it has penetrated into all countries. Let us endeavour boldly to bring about the union of all cults under one flag of Union and Progress. Such is the slogan of humanity.'('Union and Progress' was the name given to several revolutionary associations and also to several Masonic Lodges.')
    "One cult, one flag! Are the Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion or the speeches of Machiavelli in Joly's book anything but a lengthy exposition of the ideas briefly expressed by Crimieux? His activities are one of the clearest examples of Jewish internationalism and Jewish efforts for the realization of the Messianic ideal." – 1102 (Chap. 4)

      1862 – Predominance of Zionist Jews in Masonic Leadership and Lodges.

"In the year 1862 a Berlin Freemason, who noticed the Jewish predominance in the lodges, wrote in a Munich paper: 'There exists in Germany a secret sect with Freemasonic forms, which is subject to 'unknown leaders'.  The members of this association are in their great majority 'Israelites.'... In London, where, as one knows, the revolutionary herd are found around the Grandmaster Palmerston, there exist two Jewish Lodges, which have never seen Christians cross their threshold; there are combined all threads of the revolutionary elements, who nestle in the Christian lodges. 'In Rome there is a further lodge, 'which consists completely of Jews', and where all threads, also of plots instigated in the 'Christian lodges' unite; 'the supreme court of justice and of the revolution.'

"From there outwards the other lodges are directed as by secret leaders, so that the greatest part of the Christian revolutionaries are only marionettes, who are set in motion by Jews by means of the secret leaders...

"As confirmation of the above I will reproduce a report, which is found in the 'Revue des Societes Secretes' (P. 118-119, 1924)

1.)  The Golden International (International Plutocracy and High Finance, at whose heads are found:
a)  In America: J.P. Morgan, Rockefeller, Vanderbilt and Vanderlip
b)  In Europe: The firm of Rothschild and others of second rank.
2.)  The Red International or international association of Social Democratic workers. This comprises:
a)  The Second International (that of Belgium, Jew Vandervelde).
b)  The International N.° 21/2, (that of Vienna, Jew Adler)
c)  The Third International or Communist International (that of Moscow, the Jews Apfelbaum and Radek).  This hydra with three heads, which works separately for better effect, has at its disposal the 'Profintern' (International bureau of professional associations), which has its seat in Amsterdam and which dictates the Jewish word to the Syndicates which have still not been incorporate into Bolshevism.
3.)  The Black International or combat organization of Jewry.  The Chief roles in it are played by: the world organization of Zionists (London); the Israelite world league, which was founded in Paris by the Jew Cremieux; the Jewish order of the B'nai-Moiche (Sons of Moses) and the Jewish societies 'Henoloustz,' 'Hitakhdoute,' 'Tarbout,' 'Karen-Haessode' and a hundred more or less masked organizations, which are dispersed over all the lands of the Old and New world.
4.)  The Blue International or international Freemasonry.  This unites all Freemasons in the world through the 'United Lodge of Great Britain,' through the 'Grand Lodge of France' and through the Grand Orients of France, Belgium, Italy, Turkey and the remaining lands. (The active middlepoint of this association is, as the readers know, the great 'Alpina-Lodge.')
5.)  The Jewish Freemasonic Order of 'B'nai-B'rith,' which contrary to the principles of the Freemasonic lodges accepts only Jews, and which numbers over the world more than 426 purely Jewish Lodges, serves as links to all the above enumerated Internationals.  The leaders of the 'B'nai-B'rith' are the Jews Morganthau, former ambassador of the United States; Mack, Zionist; Warburg (Felix) Banker; Elkus; Kraus (Alfred), the first president; Schiff, already dead; who supported the movement for emancipation of the Jews in Russia with financial contributions; Marshall (Louis), Zionist." – 525:110-12

"The French press, in a brief article on M. Plantard's election as Grand Master in 1981, had stated that 'the 121 high dignitaries of the Prieuré de Sion are all eminences grises of high finance and of international political or philosophical organizations'." – 232:362

      1864 – Garibaldi unites Masonic groups in Italy.

"Between 21st and 24th May, Guiseppe Garibaldi unites all Masonic groups on Italy." – 543

"But when the French Grand Orient in 1877 decided to remove all references to God and the Great Architect from their ceremonies, to remove the Bible from their lodges, and to admit agnostics and atheists, this was too much for the English Grand Lodge. Grand Orient argued that to admit atheists was the final step in the policy of religious toleration which the Freemasons had always supported; but English Grand Lodge broke off relations with the Grand Orient, as did the American Freemasons. The Grand Orient declared that by their action 'English Grand Lodge has struck a blow against the cosmopolitan and universal spirit of Freemasonry'.

"The position with the Italian Grand Orient was not so clear. After Garibaldi had liberated Sicily in 1860, he was invited to become Grand Master of the Italian Grand Orient...from 1862 to 1868, and showed considerable interest in the complicated details of the various masonic organizations in Italy.  Garibaldi's attitude toward religion was ambiguous; sometime he attended religious services, and made statements which showed a belief in God; but on more than one occasion he openly stated that he was an atheist." – 542:220
      1865 – Masonic influences concerning Palestine Exploration Fund and plan to rebuild Solomon's Temple.

    "In 1865, under the patronage of Queen Victoria, all of the elite institutions of Britain, including the Anglican Church, the Grand Lodge of England, Oxford and Cambridge Universities, etc., gathered to fund a new institution, the Palestine Exploration Fund, dedicated to the 'rediscovery' of the Holy Land. The PEF's first Secretary Treasurer [was] freemason Walter Besant...
    "The PEF was founded for three purposes:
    1) 'With the avowed intention of gradually introducing the Jews, pure and simple, who is eventually to occupy and govern this country...'
    2) To survey every inch of the territory on both sides of the Jordan, for British military-strategic purposes...
    3) To give the gnostic British gamemasters an open-ended tool to reinterpret the Bible, and thus to manipulate the minds of hundreds of millions of Christians and Jews. As Besant, a raving gnostic and brother-in-law of Theosophy cult leader Annie Besant, put it, 'The principal reason alleged for conducting this inquiry was the illustration of the Bible which might be expected to follow such an investigation.'... Said Besant, 'The work before the Committee of the Fund, as regards Jerusalem, was, therefore, briefly this: We proposed nothing less than the absolute identification of every sacred site.' Special attention should be given to the Temple Mount and the issue of the Temple of Solomon... Thus was founded the vast discipline of 'Biblical Archaeology.'
    "Through the PEF, the British re-established the tradition of cultural/religious manipulation in the 19th century. Besant was the PEF's secretary from 1868 until 1886, the year when PEF head Sir Charles Warren and he became, respectively, the first Grand Master, and the first Treasurer, of the Quatuor Coronati lodge--which they established, in their own words, as an 'archaeology lodge,' the first ever in the history of freemasonry...
    "The PEF/Quatuor Coronati cynical manipulation of religion continues both in the plot to rebuild Solomon's Temple per se, and in the broader cultural war against true Christianity, Judaism and Islam, of which that plot is a part. Take, for instance, the widely publicized Holy Blood, Holy Grail series, written by Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh, and Henry Lincoln, and trumpeted by the BBC, among others. The book claims that the British Royal Family and its associated oligarchy is the continuation of a bloodline begun by the marriage of Jesus Christ (who, according to this heresy, was never crucified) to Mary Magdalene, a 'secret bloodline' which allegedly continued throughout the Merovingian Dynasty in Europe and the crusading orders such as the Templars (who derived their name from the headquarters in Solomon's Stables underneath the Temple Mount) and the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, around which are grouped other initiates, such as the Freemasons. The 'inspiration' for such trash is hardly divine: The lead author, Michael Baigent, is a Corresponding Member of the Quatuor Coronati lodge, and Brother Baigent thanks, for his assistance, the Rev. Neville B. Cryer, one of Quatuor Coronati's most prominent members, and the longtime head of the immensely influential British and Foreign Bible Society." – 534:58-9

See: 1974: Biblical Archeological Society seeks site for rebuilding of Solomon's Temple

      1868 – Freemasonry birthed in the Holy Land through agency of Robert Morris, founder of the the Order of the Eastern Star.

"The historic origins of Freemasonry in the Holy Land date from the 13th of May, when M.W. Bro. Dr. Robert Morris, past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky, directed a Secret Monitor ceremony in the Cave of Zedekiah, popularly known as King Solomon's Quarries, deep under the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem." – 514

      1874 - Alliance of Jewish and Gentile Freemasonry under B'nai B'rith.

    "By the decree of September 12, 1874, which confirmed a treaty signed by Armand Levi for the Jewish B'nai-B'rith (brothers of the Alliance) of America, Germany and England and the supreme authority of Charleston, Albert Pike, authorized the Jewish Freemasons to form a secret federation functioning side by side with the ordinary lodges. This secret society was to bear the title of Sovereign Patriarchal Council and its Universal center was to be at Hamburg, Valentinskamp Strasse. In subscriptions alone, it collected one million four hundred thousand francs a year which were used for general Jewish propaganda.
        "Under the terms of this document, Jewish Masonry, unlike Gentile Masonry, was not to be graded, its members were exempt from belonging to any other official rite and 'the secret of its existence' was to be most strictly kept by those members of High Masonry who had been informed by the Supreme Dogmatic Directory of its existence.

    Les Juifs dans la Franc-Maconnerie, De la Rive, Re treaty between the B'nai B'rith and the supreme authority at Charleston.
        "Translation: '...Albert Pike and the Jew Armand Levy affixed their Palladian signatures to this document. Armand Levy styled himself, 33rd Lieutenant grand assistant and sovereign delegate of the Grand Central Directory of Naples, honorary member ad vitam of the Sublime Federal Consistory of the B'nai B'rith of Germany, acting as general agent for this Consistory as well as those of America and England, the various federations of the B'nai B'rith having given him full powers.'
        "The latter clause in the agreement is undoubtedly responsible for the equivocal attitude of all High Masons with regard to the past and present, national and international, secret political activities of the B'nai B'rith." – 1102 (Chap. 4)

      1878 – Rev. William Blackstone's tract promotes Zionism leading to First Niagara Prophecy Conference.

"Born in Adams, New York in 1841, William Eugene Blackstone became a successful businessman specializing in real estate outside Chicago after the Civil War. A self-taught lay evangelist and Bible teacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church, Blackstone eventually devoted himself to missionary work. While at a YMCA convention, Blackstone asked the Reverend James Hall Brooke, one of the foremost ministers of the time, to write a tract about the second coming that he could pass out on trains as he traveled. Instead, Brooke suggested that Blackstone write it himself and that he would publish it. Brooke's suggestion led Blackstone to compose Jesus is Coming, hailed as 'probably the most wide-read book in this century on our Lord's return.' First published in 1878, its 1908 revised edition was financed by California oilman Lyman Stewart and distributed by the hundreds of thousands; by Blackstone's death in 1935, Jesus is Coming had been translated into thirty-six languages, with over a million copies printed.

"Blackstone, like Brooke and other evangelists of that time, was influenced by the Plymouth Brethren dispensationalist premillennialism preached by the influential Anglo-Irish minister John Nelson Darby on his tours of North America in the seventies. The year Jesus is Coming first appeared--1878--also saw the first of a series of prophecy and Bible conferences, eventually known as the Niagara Prophecy Conferences, held around the United States which established this proto-fundamentalist theological tendency. Ministers from a wide spectrum of denominations combined elements of Princeton theology, biblical literalism, and premillennialism with a conservative opposition to higher criticism, modernism, and other liberalizing trends." – 516

      1881 – Masonic New Age of Michael reportedly begins with Jews' return to Palestine.

    "To those working within an esoteric tradition, it might have appeared a relatively easy thing to prepare for the new era of Michael which was to begin in 1881." – 512:376

    "The angel Michael was dedicated to the expansion of human consciousness, and freedom. Furthermore, it would be during the New Age of the Sun, which would begin in 1881, that the Jews would return to their homeland." – 512:30

See 1888: False teaching that new dispensation has begun.

      1881 – Pogroms of Russian Jews causes their migration to Europe, United States and Palestine.

"The great wealth of the Russian Czars was entrusted to the Rothschilds, $35 million with the Rothschild's Bank of England, and $80 million in the Rothschild's Paris bank.  The Rothschilds financed the Russian Revolution which confiscated vast portions of the Orthodox Church's wealth.  They have been able to prevent (due to their power) the legitimate heirs of the Czars fortune to withdraw a penny of the millions deposited in a variety of their banks.  The Mountbattans, who are related to the Rothschilds, led the court battles to prevent the claimants from withdrawing any of the fortune.  In other words, the money they invested in the Russian Revolution, was not only paid back directly by the Bolshevists in millions of dollars of gold, but by grabbing the huge deposits of the Czars wealth, the Rothschilds gained what is now worth over $50 billions." - 77:154

    "Moreover, before 1881, the year of the first wave of European Jews migrating into Palestine, Arabs constituted 95% of the population and owned 98% of the land." - 509

"The pogroms of 1881 set in motion the massive Jewish immigration from Eastern Europe, with about 62,000 Jews, mostly from Russia, arriving in the United States between 1881 and 1884." – 516

"In the final stages of the eagle, two leaders are predicted to reign over a small kingdom full of uproar. That may be a picture of the proposed world government during the short seven years of the Tribulation Period. Finally, the eagle will be burned, and all the world will be in great fear. Could that be a prediction of nuclear war? The description seems to fit with the other prophecies of the Bible.  

"The symbol of ancient Spartan Greece was an eagle. The symbol of ancient Trojan Rome was an eagle. The symbol of Germany, which also claimed descent from the Trojans, was an eagle, and the symbol of the Habsburg dynasty, which provided the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire for 500 years was an eagle. In fact, the name Habsburg means 'hawk's castle.' The hawk is a part of the same family as the eagle. There are 260 kinds of eagles. Furthermore, the type of eagle which lives in the Middle East is called the 'hawk eagle.' This may be one of the most important clues to tie their dynasty back to the ancient Israelite tribe of Dan.  

"Under Roman domination, the Jewish people suffered unmercifully. But the leaders of the cruel Roman oppression may have been from the tribe of Dan. The Jew has suffered in the various countries of Europe down through the centuries, but those European kings may well have been from the tribe of Dan.

"They also suffered under the pograms or massacres of the Russian Czars who came from an ancient tribe known as Varangians, whose symbol was the double headed eagle. The ninth century Varangians, who established the Czarist throne of Russia may well have been Merovingians of the ancient tribe of Dan. In fact, the symbol of the Russian bear may have come from the ancient Spartans who lived in the province of Arcadia in southern Greece. The Word Arcadia means 'the people of the bear.'

"Perhaps, one day, a descendant of the tribe of Dan will surround Jerusalem with an army, enter the Jewish sanctuary on the Temple Mount, commit the prophetic abomination of desolation, establish a throne on the sacred site and declare himself to be god!

"Yes, the prophecy of dying Jacob may be ultimately fulfilled -- as he said, 'Dan shall judge his people.'" 127:128-9

      1882 – Zionist Jews' cruel treatment of Palestinians.

"..a secret order known as B'ne Moshe (Sons of Moses) ... was guided by Ahad Ha'am (one of the people) the founder of Cultural Zionism, whose real name was Asher Ginsberg...

"Ginsberg, although a self-defined 'Cultural Zionist', broke with the mainstream Political Zionist movement early on. In fact after the first Zionist Congress, he never attended another one. Yet six years before, based on personal observations, he published a series of essays entitled 'The Truth About Palestine'. Ginsberg pointed out that large tracts of untilled but arable land were unavailable, the ruling Ottoman Turks had a negative attitude towards the earlier European Jewish colonists of the first Aliyah of 1882, that Palestine was NOT uninhabited, and that the Arabs of Palestine showed no inclination or interest in leaving their homes. He was also critical of the superior attitude affected by these new colonists toward the indigenous population. He pointedly noted:

"'We think that the Arabs are all savages who live like animals and do not understand what is happening around them. This is, however, a great error'. He was harsh towards the colonists. Although he was perhaps unaware of it, he was comparing the attitude of the Jewish colonists to similar attitudes by the first Pilgrim colonists of North America, and the attitude of 19th century colonials in general for he further stated, based on the conviction that the viability of Jewish colonies depended on the development and maintenance of good relations with the Arabs; he further stated in an almost astonished tone, 'Yet what do our brethren do in Palestine? Just the very opposite! Serfs they were in the lands of the diaspora and suddenly they find themselves in unrestricted freedom, and this change has awakened in them an inclination to despotism. They treat the Arabs with hostility and cruelty, deprive them of their rights, offend them without cause, and even boast of these deeds; and nobody among us opposes this despicable and dangerous inclination.'" (Selected Essays of Ahad Ha'am translated by Leon Simon. Originally published in 1912 and 1939 by the Jewish Publication Society, republished in 1981 by Atheneum.) - 513

      1883 – The Age of Eugenics begins in England leading to plan for the extermination of non-Zionist Jews by Hitler.

     "For all the voluminously documented crimes of the Nazis, the fact is, leading British circles were the earliest proponents and developers of eugenics, a pseudo-science that these British influentials--including Charles Darwin's cousin Sir Francis Galton and various sons of Darwin, members of the Huxley family, International Monetary Fund founder John Maynard Keynes, and others--concocted to promote the reduction in numbers, if not the eventual elimination, of categories of people whose existence was undesired by them. Such undesirables were, in the earliest years of the history of the Eugenics Education Society (the name of the group at the time of its founding in 1907), referred to dismissively as 'the residuum' and later as 'the paupers'; in order to study them, the eugenics mob sponsored so-called 'Pauper Pedigree Projects,' to reinforce the notion of 'social class biologically defined.'... It was Sir Francis Galton, the proponent of 'hereditarianism,' who declared in 1883 that the 'Age of Eugenics' had begun (the name of the Eugenics Society today is the Galton Institute). - 529

See: Easter 1943: Holocaust victims denied admission to Allied countries

Charter Schools, Character Education & the Eugenics Internationale*

      1887-

[CrackSmokeRepublican]

Freemasons and Others

Freemasonry probably had its roots in the mediaevel craft guilds, where each craft had its own guild to protect the interests of its members.

In return for this protective umbrella the craftsman had to submit to rigorous regulation. He had to serve as an apprentice, without pay, for from two to ten years (depending on the trade), live with and obey the master workman who taught him.

With the expansion of economic life came the need of the merchant to borrow money to finance long-term or long-distance undertakings and his willingness to pay interest for its use.

The Church condemned usurers, and money-lending was permitted only to Jews, who were barred from guild membership.

Masons, by nature of their trade, were itinerant and moved between the larger towns seeking employment. The seals and insignias of their guild showed representations of the tools of their trade and, where language was a barrier, served as a guarantee of ability.

From this basis i.e.: secret symbols, restricted membership, oaths of secrecy, mutual aid, etc., there developed a society of members, no longer masons as such.

The Royal Society either founded in Oxford in 1645 according to M. Purver's book or in London in 1660 was formed with the intention of fostering enquiry into rather than blind acceptance of Aristotelian wisdom and had many eminent thinkers as its founder members.

Many of the tenets of the Society echoed the basic ideas of Freemasonry and many of the founder members were in fact Freemasons.

Although perhaps it goes too far to say that the Royal Society was the product of Freemasonry or that the members considered it anything else other than an opportunity to "liberalise" scientific thinking, it is an example of how an apparently innocent intrusion can act as a foot in the door which can lead to the exercise of control in the direction this new learning and enquiry could take.

Dr Wilkins, later elected to chair the society, was the brother-in-law of Oliver Cromwell, having married his sister, Robina, then a widow when she was 62 and he twenty years younger. Cromwell and his maternal uncle, Thomas Cromwell, had already played their part in the disruption of the religious and social order. Thomas by the severance of the English church from Rome and Oliver who set the ball rolling in the game of eliminating royalty.

In 1717, Freemasonry, now a new form of cult entirely distinct from the various existing creeds of Europe, spread rapidly to Paris, Florence, Rome and Berlin, where its deliberately syncretic rituals and decor (Solomonic temple, signs and symbols) made it thoroughly cosmopolitan and religiously neutral. Nothing could better catch the early spirit of the "Enlightenment".

Andrew Ramsay, a Scottish Jacobite exiled in France, who was Chancellor of the French Grand Lodge in the 1730s, claimed that the first Freemasons had been stonemasons in the crusader states who had learned the secret rituals and gained the special wisdom of the ancient world.

According to the German Freemasons, The Grand Masters of the Order had learned the secrets and acquired the treasure of the Jewish Essenes.

Either way, "Freemasonry" had burst out of its cocoon of stonemasons and in its new guise appealed to the intellectuals. The early membership of masonic lodges included merchants and financiers, notaries and lawyers, doctors, diplomats and gentry: men of substance or sound reputation. By the mid-century these included members of the French royal family, Frederick the Great, Maria Theresa's husband, Francis of Lorraine, and her son, Joseph. Voltaire was admitted with great pomp into a publicity-hungry masonic lodge in Paris.

One interesting result of these sudden "conversions"; in many places (the Austrian Empire for one, Portugal for another) there was a Jewish emancipation.

Freemasonry played an important part in the American Revolution, in particular the lodges affiliated to the Grand Lodge of Scotland. Scottish Freemasonry blossomed in the North American soil. Freemasonry could be found on both sides of the coming war between the colonists and the Crown and although there is no clear evidence of collusion amongst masons from opposing camps, the fact that the British made some extraordinary military errors has aroused suspicions.

Sir William Howe's failure to pursue Washington after expelling him from New York, and Sir Henry Clinton's wilful failure to link up with Burgoyne's army marching south from Montreal in 1777 are the two most conspicuous examples.

The Grand Master for North America was Joseph Warren and the Green Dragon coffee house in Union Street, Boston, purchased by the Provincial Grand Lodge is generally considered to be the site where one of its offshoots "The Sons of Liberty" plotted the Boston Tea Party.

So already there was an infiltration of the "hidden hand", as a secret society is an ideal vehicle for undercurrents and for control. An infiltration of which many of its members were unaware.

From the inception of the Christian religion as the official belief of the Roman Empire, the Catholic Church has been the target of anti-goyim activity.

The reason is not hard to seek. Christ, himself a Jew, condemned the control of the Sanhedrin (the Elders of Zion, the rabbinical caste).

Once Constantine declared Christianity the state religion of the Roman Empire, the Christian Church, no longer a belief with few adherents, now became a force with political power and, as such, stood in the way of the Jewish plans towards that power. Every effort had, therefore, to be made to destroy it.

There have been many incidents of encroachment into the hierachy of the Church. The Jesuits, the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius de Loyola as a militant branch of the Church, was certainly infiltrated. His secretary, Polanco the only person present at his death bed, was of Jewish descent. So was Lainez, one of his first and greatest converts. In a short time, as the young Jesuit organisation became a power for Catholic reform and propaganda, Jews were attracted to it. as they are always attracted to centres of influence.

The Templars (the Knights of the Temple) were another instance of encroachment.

One of the least advertised facts about Free Masonry and the Masonic Lodge is its Jewish origin and nature.

The religion of Judaism based on the Babylonian Talmud and the Jewish Kabbalah formed the basis for the Scottish rites 33 ritual degree ceremonies.

The Jewish Tribune of New York on October 28th 1927 stated:

    "Masonry is based on Judaism. Eliminate the teaching of Judaism from the Masonic ritual and what is left?"

The wellknown Rabbi Isaac Wis was emphatic when he concluded:

    "Freemasonry is a Jewish establishment, whose history, grades, official appointments, passwords and explanations are Jewish from beginning to end. "

Undoubtedly already under Jewish influence, Judeo Masonry in Europe took off with the rise to power of the House of Rothschild. Adam Weishaupt who formed the "Illuminati" in 1776 founded the Lodge of Theodore in Munich and was befriended and funded by Meyer Rothschild , whose clerk Sigmund Geisenheimer in his Frankfurt office who had wide Masonic contacts and was a member of the French Grand Orient Lodge called l'Aurore Naissante Lodge. With the help of Daniel Itzig (Court Jew to Frederick William II) and the merchant Isaac Hildesheim (who changed his name to Justus Hiller) he founded the Judenloge.

In 1802 the old established Jewish families including the Adlers, Speyers, Reisses, Sichels, Ellisons, Hanaus and the Goldsmids became members of the Judenloge.

In 1803 Nathan Rothschild joined the Lodge of Emulation in England whilst his brother James Rothschild became a 33 Degree Mason in France.

In 1816 JohannChristian Ehrmann, a former Frankfurt Mason, warns the German people in his pamphlet Das Judenthum in der Maurerey (the Jews in Masonry) that the Frankfurt Jewish Masons wanted a world republic based on humanism.

The book on the Masons "Morals and Dogma" authored by the late Sovereign Grand Commander of the Scottish rite, Albert Pike, states:

    " Masonry conceals secrets from all except the adepts and sages and uses false explanations and myth intepretation of its symbols to mislead".

The rise of Masons to political power in Israel dates back to 1948. David Ben Gurion, Israel's first Prime Minister, was a Mason. Every Prime Minister has been a high level Mason, including Golda Meier who was a member of the women's organisation, the Co-Masons.

Most Israeli judges and religious figures are masons. Rothschild- supported Hebrew University in Israel has erected an Egyptian obelisk, symbol of Free Masonry in its courtyard.

The Bnai B'rith Lodge of New York is affiliated with Israel's lodges and so is the ADL and ACLU, not to mention almost every top investment magnate on Wall Street.

http://www.pgorg.com/freemasons.html