The "Scams" at the Dachau concentration camp

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Dachau concentration camp


The Dachau concentration camp was about 20 kilometers north of Munich . Due to an order by Heinrich Himmler , the former Munich police chief, it was the first permanent camps in the German Reich on the grounds of a former munitions factory east of the town of Dachau built.

The Munich prosecutor stood at 31 May 1933 against the commander of the concentration camp Dachau, Hilmar Wäckerle , and members of the guard charged with murder favor. SS Colonel Theodor Eicke Wäckerle sparked off as a commander.
No gassings at Dachau

After the war it was proved that Jews in Dachau concentration camp were killed in specially constructed gas chambers. But in 1960 revised the long-standing director of the Institute for Contemporary History (ICH) Martin Broszat the hitherto "known" version of the story. In a letter to " the time "he stated succinctly:

    "Neither in Dachau nor in Bergen-Belsen nor in Buchenwald were Jews or other prisoners gassed. The gas chamber in Dachau was never completed and "in operation" taken. Hundreds of thousands of prisoners who died in Dachau and other concentration camps in the Reich were mainly victims of the catastrophic hygienic conditions and care. " [1]

Thus conceded Broszat that historians, journalists and former concentration camp inmates did 15 years nothing more than aping uncritically the stories of atrocities of the victors. At the Nuremberg trial of the German "war criminals" is in document 3249-PS has an affidavit of " Eyewitnesses " Franz Blaha written, this Blaha swore before the IMT, he was in Dachau concentration camp "mass gassings" even "experienced". Later, the affidavit does not Blaha's more, because "no one was gassed at Dachau," says the Dachau museum management and appropriate board announced in several languages: "gas chamber was never in operation."

The SS Judge Konrad Morgen said before the Nuremberg Tribunal, this: [2]

    RA. HERR PELCKMANN: The Dachau camp here has been described as pure extermination camp on the part of the prosecution, partly by witnesses. Is that true?
    TOMORROW: I think I know about the concentration camp Dachau from my investigations by Mai closer to July 1944. I must say that I had the opposite impression. The Dachau concentration camp was always a very good camp, as a recreational camp for the prisoners, and this impression I've actually won.
    RA. HERR PELCKMANN: Have you seen the interior, the hospital and so on?
    TOMORROW: I have visited all these institutions closely and must say that the hospital was perfectly fine. I've gone through all the halls, there was nothing to remember from overcrowding and a surprising was the abundance of medical instruments, also a major character who served the prisoners here. There were special technical capacities of the prisoners themselves
    RA. HERR PELCKMANN: Well, well, you want to describe, then, it was good. But with this you are as inconsistent with the testimony of Dr. Blaha, who have been here made ??the subject of negotiation. Do you know these statements?
    TOMORROW: I have read the testimony of Dr. Blaha in the press here and had the opportunity to inspect the case files. I must say that these expressions have astonished me beyond measure. I am of the view that science is not your own Blaha may establish such claims, because it is not that a prisoner in a concentration camp can move freely and in particular access to the various facilities.

Hour of the Avenger

"Dachau - The hour of the avenger," says a German translation is the title of a book that was published in 1986 in the United States. [3]

The author is Colonel Howard A. Buechner, a retired American officer.

In 1945, he marched as a young doctor with the rank of lieutenant with parts of the 45th U.S. Inf. Division "Thunderbird" (Thunderbird) in the concentration camp at Dachau to liberate the prisoners located there to a new world of love, peace, human dignity and democracy.

As the "liberation" but was going on, now that did not meet these high ideals.
The Americans focused on the present 560 SS guards, after they had surrendered, a bloodbath that's more reminiscent of Genghis Khan and his hordes of civilized soldiers because of the most powerful continent on earth.

Col. Howard A. Buechner was driven by his conscience shaped by Christianity, to publish an eyewitness account of it.
He wants his work to be understood as an impassioned plea against the boundless pity and the merciless absurdity of any war - even and especially the wars that devastate the time the earth and bring untold suffering to hundreds of thousands of people. In a letter, he stressed this aspect and asked that the highlight.

After brief introductory sections, each specially deserving members of the 45th U.S. Inf. Division are dedicated, Buechner presents its readers the Dachau concentration camp as "the mother of death". The views he expresses in this first chapter of his book about the meaning and significance of the German concentration camps, their number and location of death camps, gas chambers, and so developed, however, either historically or objectively justified.

This is not the honesty and sincerity Buechner be questioned, but it's obvious that he has not with this whole complex over the last forty years of continued employment. For him not only the chapter on "Dachau," but also the chapter "Germany" was completed when he was dismissed in December 1945 from the military service and returned to his civilian life returned (p. 126/127).
His untenable assertions with respect to concentration camps, gas chambers and so obviously based on the then-circulating rumors, including the first reporter who visited Dachau have been misled.

He also believes in the Dachau concentration camp there had been a gas chamber - although he is not sure if it was not only used to dress earth infection (pp. 3, 87, 89). Maybe he speaks thus of the still existing disinfection rooms and not from the shower room that day as "gas chamber - not used" is called.
The question of how much space he has regarded as a "gas chamber", he has not been answered in previous correspondence, and instead said vaguely that he was interested was not much for "gas chambers".
Dachau on 29 April 1945
The camp in a shot after 1945

The majority of the actual guards at Dachau had already left this a few days earlier.
Thus, a strong short-term replacement company of the Waffen-SS Division "Wiking" from Augsburg, 200 men, moved to the Dachau concentration camp.
Together with the remnants of the old crew were now a total of 560 members of the Waffen-SS in Dachau. None of them survived the massacre. [4]

On the morning of 29 April 1945 were approaching parts of the 7th U.S. Army in Munich.

On the advance there was the commander of the 3rd Battalion, 157th Inf Reg, 45th Infantry Division ("Thunderbird"), Lt.. Col. Felix Sparks, the command to immediately take possession of the Dachau concentration camp.
According to the American command made a turn to the left and headed for Dachau.

Even before they could set foot in the camp, they reached more railway wagons, filled with hundreds of emaciated corpses and dressed in rags. For the U.S. soldiers, it was clear that they were dealing here with victims of a cruel murder of the German action. In fact, the origin of this pitiful human cargo is still not completely clarified. Most probably speaks for the fact that there were sick prisoners from Buchenwald, which had been sent in the evacuation of camp Buchenwald to Dachau.
After their arrival, most of them were so weak that she could not leave the wagons. The Dachau prisoners, however, refused to make the ordered projection. [5] The patients were lying helpless in the wagons, where they died. Maybe some have even been victims of American strafing attacks that infested especially in these days the area around Munich.

The sight of these ghostly freight was surpassed when the soldiers entered the concentration camps. In Dachau, had since January 1945, a spotted fever and typhus epidemic raged that claimed over 10,000 victims. The crematorium of the camp came to burn the corpses for not. Even at the 2,000 emaciated bodies lay on the outside wall of the crematorium and in the interiors.
Some of them were already in a state of decay. The dead of the last days were outside and inside the hospital barracks.
The invading U.S. forces, where the cause was unknown to the killing fields, actually got the impression of experiencing a vision of horror, for they made the German guards responsible. Perhaps this is one explanation for the following events.
The massacre
Dachau: murder of German soldiers by American " liberators "(April 29, 1945)
The guard tower. Previously, the bodies of the defenseless by the "liberators" German soldiers shot dead

The towers of the camp had hoisted white flags. The Americans shot yet at the towers, after which the fire was returned by the Germans. After a brief exchange of fire, the Americans stormed the tower and threw down the corpses of about 10 SS guards.
At the Tower B after the bodies were still many days, even in the moat surrounding the camp.
A brief skirmish inside the camp killed some 20 dead on the side of the SS
These thirty dead are the only ones that can be described as a fallen during the fighting, Buechner writes (p. 97).

Almost simultaneously with the 45th Infantry Division were also part of the 42nd U.S. Inf. Division ("Rainbow"), reached the camp, including Brig General Linden.
General Linden saw one lying on the ground wounded SS man and ordered the Jewish Army doctor accompanying him to take care of the wounded man. The doctor, however, refused on the grounds that he would touch no Germans. The General threatened unimpressed with the court-martial, but the doctor was Jewish. Meanwhile, Lt.. Col. Sparks ordered that the members of the 42nd Infantry Division were leaving the camp and was escorted out with General Linden violence (p. 65 -66).

On the German side was the commander of the SS troops, Lieutenant Henry Skodzensky attempts accompanied by a representative of the Swiss Red Cross, handed over to the camp properly to the Americans.

Buechner does not further. The description of this scene, we find, however, in the English magazine "After the Battle" (No. 27, 1980, p. 13). There describes a Belgian from Dachau inmate, Albert Guerisse (aka Patrick O'Leary) follows the course of events such as:
"I assure you that the Americans are masters of the situation now. I walk up to an American who climbs up by a tank, I imagine, and he hugs me. It is a major. His uniform is dusty, his shirt open to his navel, staring with sweat and dirt, he is unshaven, a dented helmet on his head, a cigarette in his mouth.

In this moment is approaching from the guard ago, the young German Lieutenant Henry Skodzensky and makes a notification from the Americans.
The German is blond, handsome, well groomed, his shoes are polished, cut his uniform well. He clicks his heels together, as if he were on an exercise with a parade of Unter den Linden raises the arm properly and respectfully salute "Heil Hitler! I give you herewith the Dachau concentration camp, with 30,000 inmates, of whom 2340 sick, 27,000 in outposts, 560 garrison troops. <...

The American major has not returned the greeting. He hesitates for a moment, as he must first reflect on the words.
Then he spits in the face of the Germans. > You bastard! '

Then:> Sit down then, he 'shows on the rear seat of the jeeps, which are now at hand.

The Major turns to me and gives me a machine gun. > Join us! '

But I have no strength to move. > No, I'm staying here. '

The Major is a command that the jeep with the young German officer moves out of the camp. A few minutes pass.
My comrades have not yet dared to leave their barracks. from the distance they could not see how running the negotiations between the Americans and the SS man. Then I heard several shots.

> The bastard is dead, 'the American major tells me. "

Thus began the "liberation of the Dachau concentration camp." The major unknown was only the start signal.
The Americans jumped on all the soldiers that they met in the camp and shot them on the spot.
Buechner calls us the number of 122 victims (p. 98).

Even the inmates raged off and brutally murdered about 40 soldiers.
A headline of "New York Herald Tribune" of 2 May is:. Revenge "on prisoners at Dachau Nazi tormentors - SS men found beaten to death, beaten to a pulp, their middle fingers cut off," [6]

Only after half an hour could Lt. Col. Sparks restore discipline and order, leaving the surviving SS men who pay 358 in number, and guard. But no sooner had he turned his back, as used to guard the machine gunner, who is nicknamed "Birdeye" losballerte and fired on the group of prisoners.
Sparks flew at him and tore him away from the machine gun. Twelve victims were lying lifeless (p. 98/99).


Buechner was on the morning of the 29th April with the medical detachment of the 157th Infantry Regiment on their way to Munich, when the news came of the capture of Dachau to him. Early in the afternoon he could not take it anymore, he wanted to see for themselves what was going on in Dachau and was on his way there. Once at camp, he was denied the access, as Lt. Col. Sparks had closed the area. The situation, however, seemed to be quiet, it was heard no shots. Buechner asked if he could enter the outer complex, the SS camp. Perhaps there would be wounded, which he could help. The request was granted.

He was only a short distance into the SS-run camp inside when there was suddenly heard machine gun fire at very close to his left.
It seemed to come from an area where several buildings were bearing the emblem of the Red Cross on the roof.
Buechner was amazed that should be fought just in the vicinity of the hospital.
His curiosity was aroused, however, he got out of the jeep and walked toward the building.

"I peeked around the corner of a wall in the direction from which the shots came, and I witnessed an incredible scene.
Lt. Bushyhead was standing on the roof of a low building, perhaps a bicycle shed. Next to him one or more soldiers served a 30-caliber machine gun. Opposite this building was a long, high wall of cement and bricks. At the foot of this wall, rows of German soldiers, were some dead, some dying, some may be playing possum. Three or four inmates in striped clothes, each armed with a 45-caliber pistol went from the ranks of about 350 soldiers killed.
They fired an automatic charge to the head of each soldier, who seemed to still be alive. ...
Behind the prisoners who were to become executioners, was a row of infantry, rifles at the ready and another soldier served a second machine gun, which stood on the floor. ...

At the end of the row of dead or dying soldier is a small miracle occurred. The prisoners, the duties of its misery, were not yet come so far, and a few of the only wounded soldiers were from the German medical personnel placed on stretchers and in accordance with the instruction by a German doctor in the nearby hospital worn. "(P. 86, 87) .

Buechner has made to this gruesome scene sketch (p. 94). In this sketch, including two prisoners are noted, are in the process, one lying on the ground with shovels, Buechner says kill shot in the leg, the German soldiers.
The inclusion of this scene, popularized by the book by Nerin Gun, "" The hour of the Americans, will also be at Buechner (p. 114).
The victims
Dachau - Historical facts 27 003.jpg

According to a table (p. 99) to contact the victims of that day as follows:

    Shot on the spot: 122
    murdered by inmates: 40
    "shot through" Birdeye: 12
    shot by Lt. Bushyhead: 346

    Total killed: 520

    killed during the fighting: 10
    first escape: 560

Those of SS guards who had escaped at first, Buechner writes, they would have tried to mingle with the inmates. But they were soon discovered and either killed by the inmates, or shot (p. 97). They are therefore expected to also among the victims.

To support his description Buechner brings in a number of witnesses, the details of the events have been observed.
He calls her name and released their evidence and photos. More pictures at Buechner show the capture of the German guards, the whole scene of his murder and described details of individuals or small groups of soldiers killed.
The accuracy of his description may not be the slightest doubt.

In a footnote on p. 87 Buechner writes: "As I learned later, had stormed the first members of the German company, one hospital (in the SS camp) and carried out all patients with kicks. Only a German doctor and a small group of paramedics were allowed to remain.
This fits with another account that some of the SS men were apparently unable to fight because they were walking on crutches.
These were probably patients who had been thrown out of the hospital. "

At this remark Buechner, there is a German eyewitness account of "the first time in 1960 by Erich Kern in his booklet The great witch-hunt" was published and later in his book "perjury against Germany" (Pr. Oldendorf 1971, p. 224 - 247, 313 was reprinted 315) -.

"Hans Linberg was fighting in the bridgehead east of Kiev ... seriously wounded. His left arm was torn off, his body covered with splinters.
... He was born after a long hospital stay as a troop leader of the Waffen-SS 9th Released in March 1945 for replacement company to Dachau.

On 29 April 1945 laid down the consistently hard-torn and not usable substitutes their front arms, reported to the senior physician of the hospital was located, Dr. Schöder were, and placed in a hut. The medical staff was directed to a surrender.
Doctors were by white coats, pharmacist and the medical staff identified by the International Red Cross armbands.

Linberg then took a Red Cross flag and hand went to the entrance of the hospital. It was through his empty left sleeve widely characterized as Schwerversehrter. Like the shock troops invading Americans he immediately declared that we have here is a hospital which will pass naturally unarmed. An American he put the machine gun to the chest and hit him in the face. ... Nevertheless, they left Linberg and stormed the hospital now. The first Linberg threatening Americans shot in the hallway of a hospital barrack along an unknown veterans who remained lying motionless. All doctors were chased out of the treatment rooms, as well as the pharmacist and the medical staff.
Dr. Schroeder, who wanted to give proper form as a senior hospital doctor to the Americans was of them so beaten that he suffered a fractured skull.

The Americans drove all who could walk with the women and children in the hospital building and then rolled onto the street in front of the heating plant.
There, they sorted out everything that smacked of the Waffen SS, the first prisoners from looting at gunpoint and took their watches, rings, pencils, pens and money.
Then the prisoners were driven into the horseshoe-shaped walled courtyard of the heating plant. [7]

The Americans were on a machine gun in front of the crowd.
Then came the American war correspondent, photographed and filmed the group. Midst of it a machine gunner opened fire.
With a burst of fire from left to right and back to the middle he placed the mass of the forty men who were standing on the wall in order. " [8]

Hans Linberg was for the German Red Cross under oath the following account of this mass murder:
"The standing directly behind me comrade fell with the last cry - Au, shoot the pigs on the belly - about me, because I just had inexplicably dropped. It did not care if I am caught in a standing or lying down.
So I only got the blood of the dead, who was bleeding profusely from the chest, head and face, that I looked badly bruised.
In the cease-fire that had occurred, and explains to me only by the drunken detainees is, who were armed with shovels to slay a man named White, it was me and mates the other possible, to survey the situation.
Various crawled toward the Americans and wanted to identify himself as a foreigner - while others tried to explain that they had to do with concentration camps never. This, however, White said: "Calm yourselves, we are dying for Germany <!

Sergeant Hunter asked me lying down, if it had caught me, I had to deny. He had gotten on the right forearm by a bullet.
I said quickly one last piece of chocolate with him, as we waited for the shot in the neck. [9] A man with a Red Cross armband us threw razor blades and said, makes' There, you finished "Hunter cut his wounded arm in! the pulse area to the left, I cut, and how he wants to start me as an amputee, the blade, as an officer of the American came together with the beaten Dr. Schroeder, who could hardly stand on his legs, and has the action of shooting is set. We were able to carry out our freshly wounded comrades. "

Buechner describes that he approached the German doctor to offer his help. The doctor would only "No, no, say no."
Maybe it was so Buechner, the Linberg saw standing with Dr. Schroeder.

Lt. Bushyhead had now can set the fires. The dead were still lying on the next day at the foot of the wall. Buechner left the camp the same day and moved on with his unit in Munich.
Prevented the court martial

On the same afternoon, 29 April 1945, visited a number of senior officers of the American camp at Dachau. They discovered the bodies of the German team and were horrified. Someone suggested to distribute the body over the entire surface, making recordings and then to assert that the Germans had resisted arrest or tried to escape, while she had been shot. But for this version it was too late because there were already photos of the grisly events. It had no other choice but to initiate an official investigation.

After intensive consultations had been prepared for a court-martial charges against four officers and five soldiers. Undoubtedly, more people were heavily involved in the events, but it was difficult to locate. They had now been transferred to other units and thereby pulled "out of circulation". The charge was to: disobedience, failure to prevent the killings, denial of medical assistance and violation of the Geneva Convention.

Buechner was still during his stay in Munich to the headquarters of the 45th Infantry Division, ordered, which opened to him that against him, Lt.. Col. Sparks, Lt.. Bushyhead and other members of the U.S. Army was preparing a court martial. When asked why he had personally done nothing to stop the killing, and why he had not cared for the wounded, he replied, as he had appeared on the scene, almost all Germans would have been dead or the few those still alive would have been so badly injured that any aid would come too late. Moreover, a German doctor had appeared and the three or four wounded, one would have carried into the hospital, so his help is no longer needed. In the camp, in the fury of the prisoners, he could not do anything, because as a member of the Medical Corps was unarmed and therefore would have had no chance to prevent the prisoners from their hateful murders.

This representation does not correspond to the truth as Buechner admits in his book now. He was neither a member of the Medical Corps identified yet unarmed. Both he and one of his medics were also pistols and a submachine gun with him.

The interrogating officer was certainly satisfied with the time response Buechner and stroked his name from the list of accused. The other officers were able to talk his way out similarly.

Remains of the charges against Bushyhead. He was with General Patton, commander of the 3rd U.S. Army commanded. Patton listened to his report and ordered that all officers were caught up in the matter to appear before him had.
You should bring all documents, photographs and other documents that had to do with the matter. When all were assembled at General Patton, he assured himself again that he had been handed over all the photos and documents. Then he threw everything into a large metal trash can, pulled out his lighter and lit the pile of papers.
So were the accusations and the defendants settled freely.

The court martial took place. All written records were destroyed.
In none of the facts of history to ever surfaced. The official version was that a part of the SS guards in the adoption of the Dachau camp were killed in a brief skirmish, the others were captured.
The truth is known

Buechner is of the opinion that until the publication of its report no knowledge of any real action on 29 April had.
This is not true. Truth can never be suppressed completely. In addition, some of the photographs had escaped destruction.

The news of the massacre broke out soon after. But we had lost the war, we had no rights and helpless when the victorious powers. The news initially remained unconfirmed rumors. But in 1946 the first indication appeared on the assassination of SS-men in the guard towers in the publication of a former detainee. [10]

Another eyewitness report from 1957 also mentions the shooting of the SS men. [11] Three years later, Erich Kern in his pamphlet "The great hue and the affidavit of Hans Linberg public" note.

Was published from 1966 Nerin E. Gun 'The Day of the Americans "- German edition," The hour "of Americans, 1968 - in which, inter alia, eyewitness account by Patrick O'Leary on the shooting of the commander of the SS troops Heinrich Skodzensky, but without full attribution, and a series of gruesome photos were published of the events.
Gun also reports that the Americans did not have enough with the vengeance of the SS men, but also killed every guard dogs.

Another eye-witness report on the shooting of a former prisoner of the SS guards appeared in January 1985 "in the" Deutsche National-Zeitung. [12]

But not only in Germany but also abroad, was now one of the incidents in Dachau on 29 April 1945 became attentive.
Thus, the British magazine "After the Battle" number 27 in 1980, devoted entirely to the theme: "Dachau."
The shooting of Lieutenant Skodzensky and the SS guards is mentioned.

This magazine has a more murders of Americans is revealed.
On the morning of 29 April 1945, Dachau was taken before, reached the 42 members U.S. Division ("Rainbow"), the small town Webling, about 2 km north-west of Dachau, which consisted almost entirely of a church and a few farmsteads.
The place was defended 30-50 members of the SS Division "Wiking" first.

The Germans soon realized that they were inferior to the American unit and surrendered to the superior force. None of them survived.
The senior SS officer was killed by an American who shot the other SS-men.
Also a farmer, unarmed civilian was shot dead on the occasion of the Americans.
Nach einem Augenzeugenbericht hinterließen die Amerikaner, als sie Webling verließen, einen toten Amerikaner und 43 tote SS-Männer, darunter zwei Offiziere. Gefangene wurden keine gemacht.
Am nächsten Morgen wurden die Leichen dieses Massakers dann von einem ansässigen Bauern in Webling begraben. [13]

Durch das Buch von Buechner haben jetzt die bisher von verschiedenen Seiten vielleicht als nicht ganz glaubwürdig eingestuften Augenzeugenberichte eine unbezweifelbare Bestätigung gefunden. So ist dieser Band des Amerikaners, trotz der zahlreichen Irrtümer in den allgemeinen Angaben über Dachau und das System der deutschen Konzentrationslager, in bezug auf die geschilderten und von Buechner selbst miterlebten Ereignisse ein wichtiges historisches Dokument.
Siehe auch

    Dachauer Prozesse

Literatur

Achtung 2.png Bitte beachten Sie auch den Warnhinweis zu den aufgeführten Verweisen!

    Joseph Halow : SIEGERJUSTIZ IN DACHAU (PDF-Datei)
    Neuhaeusler, Johann - Die Dachauer 'Kriegsverbrecherprozesse' nach eigener Beobachtung, 1949 (PDF-Datei, 60MB)

Verweise

    Dachau - Die Stunde des Rächers (Bilder der "Befreiung"), Post Scriptum Info Board

Fußnoten

    ? Die Zeit , Hamburg, 19. August 1960, Seite 16, Martin Broszat , Keine Vergasung in Dachau
    ? Nürnberger Tribunal, Einhundertachtundneunzigster Tag Donnerstag, 8. August 1946, Vormittags
    ? Howard A. Buechner: Dachau. The Hour of the Avenger. An Eyewitness Account, Metairie, Louisiana, Thunderbird Press, 1986
    ? Die Anwesenheit von Angehörigen der Waffen-SS in Dachau wird von ehemaligen Angehörigen dieser Kampfgruppe energisch bestritten. In einem Zeugenbericht eines ehemaligen Angehörigen der 42. US-Inf. Division, der das Lager Dachau am 30. April 1945 besuchte und bei der Gelegenheit mit zwei überlebenden deutschen Soldaten gesprochen hat, heißt es, daß diese Soldaten wohl SS-Uniformen trugen, sich aber durch ihre Soldbücher als Angehörige der Wehrmacht ausweisen konnten. In Gesprächen mit diesen und anderen deutschen Soldaten hatte der Amerikaner erfahren, daß in jenen Apriltagen die Feldpolizei versprengte Wehrmachtsangehörige der verschiedensten Waffengattungen aufgegriffen, zu neuen provisorischen Einheiten zusammengestellt und je nach Notlage zum Einsatz gebracht hatte. Danach wäre es theoretisch möglich, daß auch die 200 Soldaten, die am 28. April nach Dachau kamen und dort Wachdienst versahen, einer solchen neu zusammengestellten Einheit angehörten. - Nach so langer Zeit wird sich wohl kaum noch endgültig klären lassen, wer die Ermordeten von Dachau tatsächlich waren.
    ? Vgl dazu den Bericht von Marguerite Higgins in der New York Herald Tribune vom 1. Mai 1945. Deutsche Übersetzung in: Weiß: Dachau und die internationale Öffentlichkeit, S. 27
    ? Zitiert nach: Weiß: Dachau und die internationale Öffentlichkeit, S. 28.
    ? Der Beschreibung nach handelt es sich um denselben Hof, den Buechner beschrieben und skizziert hat.
    ? Nach der von Buechner skizzierten Aufstellung stand tatsächlich ganz rechts auf dem Hof, nahe dem Eingang zum Lazarett, eine Gruppe von etwa 40 Mann. Zu der scheint Linberger gehört zu haben.
    ? Diese Bemerkung bezieht sich offensichtlich auf die von Buechner erwähnten Häftlinge, die die Reihen abgingen und die nur verwundeten Soldaten mit Pistolenschüssen töteten.
    ? KA Gross: Fünf Minuten vor Zwölf, München 1946
    ? Edgar Kupfer-Koberwitz: Die Mächtigen und die Hilflosen, 1957
    ? Deutsche National-Zeitung Nr. 4, 18. Januar 1985: »Was geschah im KZ Dachau? Wie viele kamen wirklich ums Leben?« von Dr. 0. Müller. Bezugnahme auf Augenzeugenbericht von P. Thaddeus Pelczar SJ. Dieser Bericht erschien zuerst in dem US-Magazin: »National Catholic Register«, 8. April 1979.
    ? »After the Battle«, Nr. 27, 1980, S. 30 - 33.

http://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Konzentrationslager_Dachau


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WHAT REALLY DIDN'T HAPPEN AT DACHAU?
By: Brother Nathanael Kapner (sent by Invictus) on: 16.11.2011 [00:30 ] (278 reads)
   
Interview With Joe Cortina - Ex Green Beret
(7922 bytes) [c]    Print
JOE CORTINA IS AN EX GREEN BERET, a former airborne special operations officer and US Army Training Center commander.

Joe Cortina's subsequent experiences as an intelligence investigator and anti-terrorist adviser brought him to such hotbeds of turmoil as the State of Israel, adjacent Middle East nations, and Central America.

Joe Cortina's Web Site, "My Name Is Joe Cortina," is a showcase of crimes committed against humanity by the Judaic global elite. Here.




Br Nathanael: What did you discover regarding the Holocaust and your subsequent conclusion that much of the Jewish narrative is a hoax?


Joe Cortina: My story started nearly 25 years ago when I had purchased a large quantity of videotapes from a local movie rental store that was disposing of older inventory.

Among them were several historical documentaries, one of which was titled, "Nazi Concentration Camps," which included Dachau. This was an old official US Signal Corps documentary which had sworn testimonies of US military officers of what supposedly occurred at Dachau.

Now fast forward for a moment to 1996 when I took an extensive tour of Europe that included Germany. While there I visited the site of the camp at Dachau just north of Munich.

Br Nathanael: What did you discover there?

Joe Cortina: First of all, I bought a camp guidebook and participated in the official tour including a visit to the camp crematory.

Outside of the crematory I was startled to see a large information billboard that stated that 'no inmate' had ever been 'gassed' there.

The billboard also stated that the delousing rooms were to treat inmates for lice and that the two oven crematories - (as ALL of those in ALL other camps) - were used to burn dead bodies contaminated with highly communicable diseases, such as cholera and typhus, so as to prevent an epidemic. My Jewish camp guide affirmed the statements on the billboard.

Now hold that thought.



Br Nathanael: Okay. You had an old official US Signal Corps documentary video showing Dachau and then you were actually there not long afterward in 1996?

Joe Cortina: Correct. By the way, some of the videotape's footage was later reproduced in a popularized version.

When I returned home weeks later something clicked in my mind that disturbed me.

Somehow the 'facts' in the tape didn't agree with what I was told by the Jewish camp guides. I located the tape and played it out to the Dachau Camp part and was shocked at what I discovered!

Br Nathanael: And what was that shock?

Joe Cortina: I discovered that the OFFICIAL video - done in 1945 - had been purposefully doctored to make its American viewers believe that countless thousands of live human beings had been murdered in Dachau gas chambers.

Br Nathanael: I'm confused here.

Are you telling me that an official US Signal Corps film was promoting the lie that Jews were being gassed and the gassed-bodies were disposed in ovens?

And that you personally were told that this never happened by the Jewish guides themselves?

And that there were huge billboards which supported those statements and that their official camp guides ALSO indicated these crimes were never committed at Dachau?

Joe Cortina: You understand it perfectly. Monstrous lies perpetrated by our OWN government designed to promote lasting hatred for the German people and Germany. BUT it gets worse — MUCH WORSE.



Br Nathanael: You say the Holocaust hoax perpetrated by the US military gets worse?


Joe Cortina: It sure does. Let's take a look at one of the many sworn testimonies by our own US military men regarding the official videotape.

Army Lieutenant Colonel George C. Stevens for instance stated: "The accompanying narration attached to the motion pictures is a true statement of the facts and circumstances under which these authentic pictures were made."

Several other officers made similar sworn statements. But ALL of these sworn statements contradict what I saw and heard with my own eyes and ears. That NO gassings took place at Dachau and that the picture in the camp guidebook affirms the same.

Br Nathanael: But Joe, that picture says that although there were no gassings at Dachau, the prisoners designated for extermination were sent to Hartheim Castle to be gassed.

Joe Cortina: If they weren't gassed at Dachau why should we believe they were gassed anywhere else?

If the American High Command has prostituted itself into perjury, what other lies have our own government — in collusion with post-war German officialdom — told us to believe?

In other words, the real proof is what I saw and heard myself — that gassings of Jews never happened at Dachau.

Now ask yourself, where else is this Jewish fairy tale being perpetrated?



Br Nathanael: At what level of the US high command was the deception carried out?

Joe Cortina: Right to the very top. General Eisenhower himself!

Consider this additional sworn statement by the Nuremberg Chief Prosecutor, Robert A Jackson: "These films were made pursuant by an order issued by General Dwight D Eisenhower, Supreme Commander, Allied Expedionary Forces."

Look, the pictures in the official sworn video, ordered by Eisenhower himself, are portrayed as 'evidence' of gassings of Jews, which no court of law would ever admit if it were Gentiles that we wanted to prove were exterminated:

Clothes piled up; dummy showerheads; empty cans of Zyklon B (commonly used as a delousing agent); skeletons of human remains from the ovens (of course there were human remains — they had to burn dead bodies as hygenic procedure dictated); piles of shoes etc. This is evidence?

Br Nathanael: You say that Eisenhower ordered the film. But how does this make him complicit in the deception since he didn't do any of the filming himself?

Joe Cortina: Eisenhower's complicity doesn't stop with his order to make a film of flimsy 'evidence' and documenting the unfounded testimonies of his underlings. His complicity reaches all the way to the US Congress and the Nuremberg trials themselves.

A Dachau 'gas chamber' is described in Document 47 of the 79th Congress, May 15, 1945 provided by a special Committee requested by Eisenhower relative to "Atrocities in Concentration Camps in Germany." This document was entered into the Nuremberg trial proceedings as IMT Document L-159.

The three US officials who signed sworn affidafits attesting to the truth of Eisenhower's document, rather than perjure themselves publicly, never showed up at the trials. Thus, they could not be cross-examined and found to be liars.

As for Eisenhower, it is common knowledge that he was involved in the murder of General Patton who censured his post-war murderous treatment of Germans. If Patton wasn't eliminated, his persistent criticism of Eisenhower's conduct during and after the war would have ruined his chances for the presidency.

It's obvious to me that Eisenhower sponsored the Holocaust hoax in order to please the Jews who had the power to keep him out of the White House.

Br Nathanael: What do you consider the vital point of your discovery?

Joe Cortina: Simply this.

If I - an ordinary citizen - was able to uncover the monumental lies committed by our OWN government regarding the Holohoax at a time when we are facing WORLD WAR THREE whenever the Jewish neocons who STILL run the show decide to set it off, just HOW MANY MORE HUGE LIES - FALSE FLAGS - SUBVERSION OF TRUTHS - are now being prepared that we don't even know about yet?

The Jews who run the Western world's mainstream media have not only stolen our minds - our freedoms - our Christian heritage - but have stolen history and the present from us as well.

h ttp://www.realzionistnews.com/?p=673

[Christopher Marlowe]

malformed link [missing the 'h' from http]

spot on coverage of Dachau.  Brother Nathaniel covers so much good information.

[CrackSmokeRepublican]

Found this on Rabbi Judah Nadich advising Gen. Eisenhower about Jewish affairs... the guy was of course a "Zionist" as well...  
 

Judah Nadich


Rabbi Judah Nadich (May 13, 1912 – August 26, 2007), was a Conservative Rabbi, who served congregations in Buffalo and Chicago, and later was the U.S. Army's senior Jewish chaplain in Europe while Allied forces were liberating Nazi concentration camps, and later was the President of the Rabbinical Assembly, the international association of Conservative rabbis.

He was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the eldest child of Isaac and Lena Nathanson Nadich, who had emigrated from Russia in the early 1900s. His father owned a grocery store. Rabbi Nadich's mother died when he was 7, and he and his two sisters were raised by their stepmother, Nettie Gifter Nadich, an immigrant from Lithuania. Isaac and Nettie also had a daughter together.

In 1936, four years after graduating from City College, Rabbi Nadich earned a master's degree in history from Columbia University and was ordained at the Jewish Theological Seminary. He led Conservative congregations in Buffalo and in Chicago before enlisting in the Army as a chaplain in 1942.

"In 1945, when he was a lieutenant colonel in the Army and its senior Jewish chaplain in Europe, and when the horrors of the Nazi concentration camps were being fully revealed, Rabbi Nadich was named to the new post of Jewish adviser to [General] Dwight Eisenhower[1] "to offer advice on how to cope with hundreds of thousands of displaced persons being kept in military custody in squalid conditions little better than the camps they had survived. In a 1953 book, Eisenhower and the Jews, Rabbi Nadich wrote that he and others persuaded the Allied command to abandon a policy requiring the displaced to be returned to their home countries."[2]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_Nadich

General Patton the "Antisemite" mentioned (later killed by a Lebanese Jew) :

Ordained at the advanced age of 24, Rabbi Nadich took his first pulpit at Buffalo, Congregation Beth David, where he is remembered by the city's Jewish historian as having been "young and energetic" as well as "handsome and immaculately groomed" – adjectives that would long characterize him.   He achieved notable success in Buffalo, and four years later went off to Chicago to become co-rabbi and heir apparent to one of the greatest rabbis of the day, Rabbi Solomon Goldman.  The Conservative movement was growing very rapidly at that time, and Rabbi Nadich was on the rabbinic fast track. He was energetic, dynamic, learned, well-organized, a fine preacher, and a committed Zionist. Yet modern and proudly American as he was, he still knew Yiddish and could still interact with the immigrant generation.  Rabbi Solomon Goldman, we know, was deeply impressed with him.

Pearl Harbor transformed Rabbi Nadich's life. He enlisted as a chaplain in the army, and soon became the first Jewish chaplain sent overseas, initially to Britain. This was important for many reasons:  first and foremost, it meant that the burgeoning number of American Jewish soldiers had their religious needs attended to, including, if tragedy struck, a Jewish funeral.  It also meant that there was an ordained American Jewish religious figure available in Europe, when questions arose concerning Jewish matters. And finally, it made an enormously important symbolic statement.  At a time when Jews throughout Europe faced persecution and were being publicly shamed, America demonstrated its commitment to religious liberty by placing a rabbi in a position of high responsibility.  So it was that the still young Rabbi Nadich (then in his 30s) came to interact with England's Chief Rabbi Hertz and other prestigious European rabbis; they saw him (not without reason) as Chief rabbi of the American forces in Europe.

Rabbi Nadich, who was extremely efficient and well-organized, was soon placed in charge of all religious supplies for the American army in Europe ["G-3, the supply officer on the staff of the theater chaplain"]  He reports, matter-of-factly, that he was for a time  "the world's largest distributor of rosary beads, mass wine, mass kits [and ] New Testaments" as well as all of the Jewish religious supplies, from prayer books and Bibles to matzahs..  [108]  Again, one cannot underestimate what it meant in those days that a rabbi was in charge of supplying the religious needs of all American soldiers. In many ways, these wartime experiences laid the groundwork for postwar religious America which defined itself no longer in restrictively Christian terms, but rather in terms of religious pluralism; what Will Herberg would describe as the trinity of "Protestant-Catholic-Jew."

Rabbi Nadich did not long remain the only American Jewish chaplain in Europe; others followed.  But he continued to serve as their superior (he outranked all of them) and he had the power to decide where they would serve. He courageously sent one chaplain, Abraham Klausner, to help the survivors of Dachau, although this later got him into trouble with his superior [136]. A Jewish chaplain named David Max Eichhorn, whose letters have been recently published, always referred to Nadich as the "Jewish boss chaplain" and was particularly impressed with him, as other chaplains also were, because Nadich spoke French [in fact, Nadich reveals that his French teacher was the brother of France's Chief Rabbi Weill, Prof. Felix Weill who taught at City College[114].  This all became enormously important after "D Day."  At the first service held at the grand Rothschild Synagogue in Paris after the liberation – in the presence of American soldiers and thousands of French Jews – Nadich in Rabbi Eichhorn's enthusiastic words, "preached a sermon in French and in English and brought down the house."[Eichhorn, GIs Rabbi, 99]  Nadich describes the event more modestly and insightfully. He writes that   "All of the feelings pent up with [the Jews of Paris] – fear, grief, despair under the Nazis, mixed now with elation, relief, hope because of the liberation, burst forth at the sight of an American rabbi – he could have been any American Jewish chaplain [I wonder!] – speaking to them in a service of liberation from German rule." [125]

In August of 1945, Rabbi Nadich was suddenly ordered to come to Frankfurt, Germany to assume a position that, to my knowledge, never previously existed in any army in the world (and does not exist now!)  He became "Advisor to the Commanding General [meaning Gen. Eisenhower] on Jewish Affairs."  The background to this appointment is by now well-understood. In the months following the liberation of the Concentration Camps, the American army came under withering criticism domestically for its treatment of the Jewish survivors, some of whom were forced to share their camps with Nazi prisoners of war (their former persecutors), and  almost all of whom were confined behind barbed wire.   A report by Earl Harrison was particularly critical of the military:  "As matters now stand," the report declared, "we appear to be treating the Jews as the Nazis treated them except that we do not exterminate them."  President Truman was shocked and angry.  The result, thanks in large measure to him, was recognition of the Jewish DPs as a separate national category and the appointment of  Rabbi Nadich as Eisenhower's advisor on Jewish affairs. His job was to visit the different DP camps and to report directly to Eisenhower on what he saw and how conditions could be improved.

It would take a long book to describe all of Rabbi Nadich's achievements in this important and highly delicate position.  Perhaps most importantly, he helped to sensitize the military to the conditions of the Jewish DPs and to what they had suffered during the war. He wrote a whole series of reports that are today invaluable historical documents concerning the conditions of the DPs. In terms of specifics, he quickly was able to have former Nazis removed from amidst the DPs and to increase the rations available to Jewish refugees. He also persuaded Gen Eisenhower to have the barbed wire removed from around DP camps.  When Gen Patton, a vicious antisemite, ignored Eisenhower's order, Nadich reported him to Eisenhower and, according to Nadich, that was the real reason that Patton was removed from his command (different from what the movie "Patton" would have us believe.)  Nadich was also responsible for a whole series of other improvements in the treatment of Jews.  Eisenhower and the staff trusted him and turned his suggestions into official orders.

In his memoirs, Nadich reveals that he used his position to help free Jews who had been hidden in French convents during the war and now were in danger of being kept there.  Like many Jewish chaplains, he also secretly assisted the "Brichah" the so-called illegal immigration to Palestine at that time.  He helped relay information and was otherwise useful in helping refugees fulfill their desire to immigrate to Israel. He also hosted David Ben Gurion during his famous tour of the DP camps.  Years later, he received a decoration from his Israel for his services.

Rabbi Nadich served until the end of 1945, when Judge Simon Rifkind arrived as a civilian advisor on Jewish affairs, and succeeded him.  He then returned home, and commenced a highly important speaking tour that helped to bring first hand accounts of the Shoah and the condition of the survivors to American Jews. He also traveled abroad for the Joint Distribution Committee. Long before the Holocaust was known as "the Holocaust," Rabbi Nadich was talking and writing about it, hoping that Jews and non-Jews would come to appreciate its significance.

http://judahnadich.wordpress.com/2007/1 ... ah-nadich/

[CrackSmokeRepublican]

Sure enough...

------
The U.S Army and theTalmud

Providing the Talmud and Other Religious Texts to the Survivors

by Alex Grobman, Ph.D.  

The American Jewish Historical Society's exhibit "Particular Responsibility: The Making of the U.S. Army Talmud," has brought a very important part of the history of the Jews in post-war Europe to the attention of the public. The chapter they cover, however, is incomplete.

After the war, observant Jewish survivors were in need of religious articles-- fringed garments (tzitzit) prayer shawls, phylacteries (tefillin), candles for candle lighting, holiday prayer books, daily prayer books, the Torah and religious texts.

There were very few of these items available. In the late 1930's, the Nazis began confiscating Jewish books and artifacts in Germany. During the war, the Nazis extended the operation, using German military forces and other Nazi agencies and individuals to seize Jewish books, archives and ritual objects wherever they went--from "occupied Ukraine to the French-Spanish border, and from Greece to the British Isle of Man."1 Rabbinical and communal libraries from Italy, an Axis power, were also looted. 2 Books were stolen from the Ecole Rabbinique, the Israelitische Gemeinde Bibliotek and the Verein fur Judische Geschicte und Literatur of Nurnberg, the Bibliotheca Polska, Alliance Israélite Universelle, and the Rothschild libraries.3

In January 1940, Hitler ordered the Party and State offices to assist Alfred Rosenberg, the official National Socialist ideologue, to secure these items for a future library that would be part of the Hohe Schule, the educational and research institute of the Party that would be located at the Chiemsee in Bavaria. A small fraction of the looted material was kept for research purposes. Many of the ceremonial objects were melted down and the books were burnt or made into pulp. 4

At the end of the war, the Allies found huge amounts of books randomly strewn in "makeshift depots." They also found books and ceremonial objects in several other places, particularly in Frankfurt am Main in the Rothschild Library, in Hungen and Hirzenhain in Hesse, and scattered around Bavaria. 5

On March 2, 1946, the American military established the Offenbach Archival Depot (OAD) in conjunction with Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Wiesbaden, to house, protect and restore this enormous collection. Housed in a vast five-story warehouse across the river from Frankfurt, that had belonged to the I.G. Farben company, the OAD "processed - received and/or shipped - over 1.8 million items contained in 2,351 crates, stacks, packages, and piles" by March 25, 1946. By August 1947, 2,000,000 books and "identifiable materials" were returned and distributed to the survivors. The American Jewish Distribution Committee (JDC) received 24,000 volumes on loan, to distribute to the people in Displaced Persons Camps in Europe.6

These "supplies" from the JDC in Europe and the United States were insufficient to meet all of the needs of the observant survivors. Rabbi Abraham Kalmanowitz, president of the Mirrer Yeshivah in New York and a leader in Agudath Harabonim and in the Vaad Hatzala, tried to fill this vacuum. He asked General John Hilldring, Assistant Secretary of State for Occupied Areas to help him publish "200,000 Bibles and Prayer Books in the U.S. Zone of Germany for use of Jewish children in Western Europe." Rabbi Kalmanowitz needed a permit for paper, priority for using electricity, an export license, and a permit to send his personal representatives to the U.S. Zone of Germany to supervise the printing and distribution of the copies. 7 General Lucius Clay, Military Governor of Germany, rejected his request because there was an acute shortage of paper in late 1947 and only vital government documents could be published. 8

Rabbi Nathan Baruch, Director of the Vaad Hatzalah in Germany, began exploring ways to publish religious texts (seforim) himself. He was urged to do so by his assistant Rabbi Aviezer Burstin. The Vaad Hatzala had been established in November 1939 to save rabbis and yeshiva students in Poland and Lithuania from the Nazis. After the war, the Vaad sent Rabbi Baruch to direct their relief and spiritual rehabilitation program for observant Jews in Germany. The need to print the Talmud, the oral tradition, became especially important for the students who were being taught in the yeshivas that were established in various DP camps. Rabbi Burstein, who was from Lublin, Poland, wanted the Talmud so Jews could begin studying the Daf Yomi (Daily Page of the Talmud) again.

At the Congress of the Agudath Israel in Europe in 1923, Rabbi Meir Shapira of Lublin had proposed that Jews all over the world study the same page of the Talmud (Daf Yomi) simultaneously--as a sign of a unifying commitment to Judaism and Jewish learning. In this way, observant Jewish males could complete the study of the Talmud every seven years with a formal celebration marking the end of the learning cycle and the beginning of the new one. The proposal was accepted and a special calendar was created. Jews everywhere began to study the Daf. Rabbi Shapira participated in the first completion of the cycle in 1931. Observant Jews then integrated the Daf Yomi program into their lives. In 1947, the rabbinate in the Yishuv (Jews living in Palestine), led by Dr. Isaac Herzog (who became the first Chief Rabbi of Israel) and the Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the United States and Canada and the rabbinate of England united to make the Daf Yomi a universal part of Jewish life. The Jews of Germany responded with enthusiasm, but few had any copies of the Talmud. 9

When Rabbi Baruch approached the military authorities for authorization and assistance to publish religious material, they responded that the function of the Army was not to be the nursemaid to the Displaced Persons (DPs), but to keep the order and to be a buffer against Russian encroachment. Rabbi Baruch was not deterred. He turned instead to those who had access to the Army warehouses. Since the military had an abundance of supplies--an assessment not shared by General Clay-- Rabbi Baruch thought he might be able to "barter" for his supplies. Among his contacts was a Jewish girl working for the military and some non-Jewish quartermasters who were sympathetic and willing to provide paper and materials.

One of Rabbi Baruch's contacts worked in the Army Post-Exchange (PX) and purchased whiskey for him. A number of officers who didn't need their alcohol rations sold their rations to Rabbi Baruch at a fraction of their worth. The same was true of others who had coffee and cigarette rations. Thus, coffee, whiskey and cigarettes were traded for paper, ink, printing and binding. The rabbi and his associates found a photo-offset processing plant and went into the now financially viable business of publishing prayer books and other religious texts.

As soon as the books were printed and bound, they were sent to the DP camps and to leading rabbis and scholars throughout the world. Some people in Europe came to the Vaad office in Germany to collect their copies. Pincus Schoen, executive director of the Vaad Hatzala, asked that prominent donors and every Orthodox rabbi in the United States receive sets of these books (seforim) to induce them to fund the project. Regrettably, there was no quid pro quo. Baruch never recalled receiving any additional funds from the Vaad or anyone else who received copies of these special editions.10

To meet the demand for copies of the Talmud, the Vaad printed and distributed 10,000 conveniently sized pocket editions. These books provided challenging intellectual stimulus and channeled people's energies into constructive and meaningful activity. By the end of 1947, the Vaad published some 240,000 religious texts and distributed them to camps and to the rest of the world Jewish community. These included "siddurim, Tehilim, Hagaddahs, Megilat Esther, Pirkei Avos, Mesilas Yeshorim, Or Israel, Shev Shemateso, Kesses Hasofer, Yiddish Leben, Kitzur Shulchon Orech, Shagath Aryeh, Taharas Hamishpocho, and the Bible."11

Shortly after the seforim arrived in the U.S., Rabbi Baruch received requests for additional publications. Despite his many obligations, he complied. Pincus Schoen asked for 1,000 copies of Pirke Avos (Ethics of Our Fathers) with the following inscription:

"Dedicated to you and to all friends and supporters of Vaad Hatzala who in thick and thin realized their great moral obligation and responsibility and gave wholeheartedly to rescue their brethren and to rebuild their lives. May the Almighty bless you."

The copies were shipped to America where they were sent to Vaad supporters with an appropriate thank you letter enclosed. Schoen was so impressed with the response he received that he declared that the publications were "... worth their weight in gold and propaganda and public relations for the Vaad."12

On June 2, 1947, Pincus Schoen sent Rabbi Baruch another request for 200 copies of books to include the inscription: "In grateful acknowledgement to Mr. Louis Clark and to all members of Congregation Agudas Achim Bnei Jacob for their generous contributions to Vaad Hatzala during the past several years." On another occasion, the New York office requested that thousands of Haggadahs be printed for Passover. They later complained that the package was so bulky, they had problems with the U.S. Customs Service. 13

Rabbi Baruch also printed texts requested by Rabbi Issac Lewin, a member of the Agudath Israel in the United States who worked with the Vaad. One of these was Avnei Hefetz, an important rabbinical work by the Rzeszow Rav, Rabbi Aaron Ben Nathan Lewin of Rzeszow, Poland. Rabbi Lewin was elected to the Polish Parliament (Sejm) in 1922. As a leader of the Agudath Israel, Reb Aaron succeeded his father as the rabbi of Rzeszow in 1926. When he attempted to flee to Lemberg after the Nazis took over his city, Rabbi Lewin was apprehended and killed. His all-important manuscript was lost during the Holocaust and fortuitously recovered after the war.

His son, Dr. Isaac Lewin suggested that Rabbi Baruch reprint Avnei Hefetz as part of the series of publications. Lewin offered to pay for additional 1,000 copies so that he could send them to rabbis in the United States and abroad. He viewed the publication "as a great credit for the Shearith Hapleita, [the surviving remnant] and [it] personally will give me great satisfaction for my share in the Hatzala work."14

The publishing program was so successful that Rabbi Baruch decided to dedicate the book of Psalms, with an English translation, to General Lucius D. Clay. Before proceeding, he asked Abraham Hyman, assistant advisor on Jewish affairs to the Theater Commander of the U.S. Forces in Europe, to discuss the idea with Dr. William Haber, the Advisor on Jewish Affairs from January 1948 to January 1949. Haber agreed to the idea and said he would tell the general about the project at their next meeting. Haber also suggested that, in the dedication, it would be appropriate to mention what the general's "sympathetic policies have meant" to the Jewish DPs.

Hyman quickly pointed out that Haber did not want to "make much ado" about the dedication by bringing in the press and photographing the event because of an existing agreement--signed on Sept. 11, 1946 between the JDC and the Rabbinical Council U.S. Zone Germany--to publish 750 sets of a 19-volume Talmud. That edition was supposed to be distributed jointly by authorized representatives of the JDC and the Rabbinical Council15 to three groups: the Theater Commander would receive a quantity for distribution to those he saw fit, educational institutions in the United States and Palestine would receive a finite number; the majority would be distributed to yeshivas and suitable libraries in the U.S. Zone of Occupation.16

The Army Talmud "would be of such importance that it will deserve special attention," Hyman pointed out. Though the Vaad's proposal had been "inspired by the best of intentions," Haber and Hyman felt "it would be imprudent to have the spotlight thrown on an occasion such as that one."17

Publishing the Talmud had been the "obsession" of Rabbi Samuel Snieg and his assistant, Rabbi Samuel Rose. Rabbi Philip S. Bernstein, a Reform rabbi and the Advisor on Jewish Affairs from May 1946 to August 1947, liked the idea and convinced General Clay to approve its publication. The JDC agreed to underwrite part of the production costs, and the Army guaranteed that the Germans would contribute the rest of the funds--up to 250,000 DMs. The sets were subsequently printed and bound in 1949 and finally, in 1951, were sent to Jewish leaders and important libraries in the United States, Israel, Europe and Canada.

The Talmud was dedicated to the "United States Army for having played a major role in the rescue of the Jewish people from total annihilation, and after the defeat of Hitler bore the major burden of sustaining the DPs of the Jewish faith." It was proffered that "this special edition of the Talmud published in the very land, where, but a short time ago, everything Jewish and of Jewish inspiration was anathema," would "remain a symbol of the indestructibility of the Torah." The Jewish DPs would "never forget the generous impulses and the unprecedented humanitarianism of the American forces, to whom they owe so much."18

The Army was proud that it had made publication of this edition possible, but only printed a limited number of copies so there were very few available for distribution to the DPs. The original agreement indicated an earlier publication date, but a number of obstacles in 1947 and 1948, including a shortage of paper, lack of appropriate printing equipment and a weak German economy forced a delay. The first volumes were bound in 1949, but it was not until 1951 that the work was delivered to prominent individuals and libraries in the U.S., Canada, Europe and Israel. 19 The Talmud served little purpose for the survivors who needed it the most because by the time the volumes were available, the vast majority of the survivors were no longer in Europe. Between May 1948 and the end of 1951 about 304,000 Jewish survivors from Central Europe immigrated to Israel. Between July 1948 and 1952 about 58,000 Jews left for the United States. 20

As the Talmud project neared completion, Rabbi Solomon Shapiro, the JDC's Director of Religious Affairs, informed his New York office that when they first began working on the Talmud, his staff in Paris knew very little about it: "...you would be interested to know that there has been a great amount of reading of books about the Talmud among members of our staff as a result of our involvement in the project...Many people became involved in one way or another in the Transportation Department, in the Accounting Department, in the Budget Department, and in turn those who are in close relationship with these departments have been requesting material on the subject and we have not enough to go around."21

When Rabbi Baruch presented his book of Psalms to General Clay on behalf of the Jewish DPs, Clay remarked that he would "always cherish this book of Psalms among my most priceless possessions." Copies were also given to General Clarence Heubner, Deputy Commander in Chief of the European Command and Robert Murphy, political advisor to General Clay. When Rabbi Baruch later sent General Clay a Bible, the general wrote that the Bible "will serve to remind me of the faith and courage of a people who refused to bow to the forces of evil which attempted their destruction."22

Among those who received books published by Rabbi Baruch's makeshift publishing company were: American generals in Europe, the Far East and the United States; American admirals; U.S. Secretaries of War, Labor, Treasury; the Mayor of New York; the Secretary-General of the United Nations; U.S. Supreme Court Justices and a number of Jewish celebrities. After thanking Rabbi Baruch for "remembering" him "with such a splendid gift," General Dwight D. Eisenhower, then the Chief of Staff of the War Department, said he would pass along his report on the Vaad "to the appropriate agency of the War Department staff for information and study."23

After they received Vaad publications, the Frankfurt Jewish GI Council made inquiries at several Jewish DP camps to determine their religious needs and submitted a list to the Vaad's Frankfurt office. The Council was established in June 1946 by David Bar-El (Schacter) and Eliezer Dembitz, American citizens whose families were living in Palestine, and by Chaplain Yosef Miller, a 26-year-old Orthodox rabbi assigned to Headquarters Command for the United States Forces in Frankfurt.

The Council proceeded to visit camps in Zeilsheim, Bensheim, Wetzlar, Ziegenhain, Babenhausen, Schwatzenborn, Lindenfels, Dieburg, Lampertheim and Kibbutz Buchenwald. 24 They permitted Rabbi Baruch to make a presentation about Vaad activities so the Council could help. The Council also co-sponsored a learning contest in the yeshivas during Passover, allocating $50 to purchase fountain pens and pencils to be awarded as prizes.25

Harry A. Goodman, Secretary of Agudah Israel World Organization, asked Rabbi Baruch in early 1948 if the Vaad could supply the Agudah in London with copies of its publications. Goodman assured Rabbi Baruch that the books would to be distributed to institutions in England that "really need them," and that Agudah would pay for the publications "if necessary." 26 Goodman had received parcels of books from Rabbi Baruch less than a month before and was eager to secure more.27

Endnotes

1. "Offenbach Archival

http://www.tzemachdovid.org/vaadhatzala/talmud.shtml

[CrackSmokeRepublican]

And Kosher meat... while 100,000s of German women are starved and raped...  

------------
 

Kosher Food and the Vaad Hatzala

Before leaving, Rosenberg turned to Rabbi David Horowitz of the Landsberg DP camp to ask that he offer a blessing in Hebrew for Smith on the eve of his departure from Germany. Horowitz, who sat through the meeting without uttering a word, hesitated since such blessings were reserved only for kings. Rosenberg suggested that Horowitz recite the priestly blessing without mentioning the name of God. He then turned to the general for permission for Rabbi Horowitz to bless him. Smith replied "on the contrary, ask him to include me in his daily prayers." Smith rose from his chair and walked over to the rabbi who offered his hand. Horowitz recited the priestly blessing in Hebrew. With that they left the general.8 It is clear that Smith had not told Rosenberg or Horowitz that his mother was Jewish, although he had been raised as a Protestant.9

With this directive, Rosenberg was able to arrange for the slaughtering of kosher meat in Munich, Frankfurt, Nuremberg, Regensburg, Stuttgart and Eshwege. Whether Jews received kosher meat outside the camps depended on the agreement the local Jewish committees could work out with the Germans. Rosenberg also arranged for a fully equipped formerly Nazi-owned restaurant in Munich that served 60 people per seating, to be turned into a kosher restaurant under rabbinical supervision. The operation was on a 30-day trial basis and was conditional on the arrival of canned meat from the JDC, and Rosenberg worried they might close him down.10

Rosenberg urged Judge Rifkind and Herbert Katzki, the JDC director in Germany, to make a forceful case to the military authorities. Katzki succeeded in making the case for the continuation of the operation and General Truscott's head-quarters agreed that the directive continue in force despite the fact that at least 12,000 people were eating kosher food instead of the 4,800 envisaged in the directive.11

At the end of July 1946, 90 percent of the Jews fleeing to Germany from Russia wanted kosher meat. For this reason Rosenberg asked Leo W. Schwarz, director of the JDC in Germany from 1946 to 1947, to provide these people with basic conditions to maintain their religious way of life. "There is no reason why these religious people should be penalized for their principles and forced to subsist on salmon and bread for days," he wrote. 12 Furthermore, Rosenberg declared that the Jews eating kosher food in the camps had to pay too high a price for doing so. These people "were supposed to turn in their ration of canned fish, canned meat and canned cheese, which robs them not only of calories but also of the variety of food. As a result, many prefer not to accept kosher meat in order not to lose this food, and suffer in their conscience; a situation arises where the camp management has not enough of the other supplies to turn in and the camp goes without meat often for weeks."13

Obtaining kosher fats became another problem Jews encountered when trying to keep kosher. When the American Red Cross stopped supplying margarine, lard and non-kosher German-made margarine was sent to the camps. Rosenberg proposed the military immediately release American margarine, which was kosher and available in American military stores. He also asked for the release of German vegetable oil to replace non-kosher fat, and that German factories be retained to produce vegetable margarine under rabbinical supervision. This last suggestion was the best solution because it came from the German economy and assured a constant supply. The Germans could be compensated with non-kosher fats from the Americans. Unlike lard or animal oils, the margarine was used as a spread for bread, and therefore was a substitute for butter. Rosenberg saw no reason why not to implement the policy immediately. "There was no reason why people should unnecessarily suffer two or three weeks, and sometimes longer, before they can have their proper meals, since it is only a matter of proper organization. The needs of the religious people should not be taken any more lightly than the needs of the general population," he argued."14

Rosenberg also asked Chaplain Emanuel Rackman, an aide to the Advisor on Jewish Affairs and later Chancellor at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, for his help with this problem. Rackman brought the matter to the attention of Jack Whiting, the zone director of UNNRA, who said that he did not see that a request for "an enormous increase" in kosher rations was unreasonable and indicated to Rackman that he would cooperate to the fullest.15

It is clear that when the JDC had members of its staff with extensive Jewish backgrounds and the commitment to assist observant Jews, it could respond to their needs. But in other situations where there was no advocate, as in the case of the revolt in Italy, the JDC did not always appreciate the importance of providing kosher food as part of the rehabilitation process.

Another example of this dichotomy occurred just before Passover 1947. Chaplain Abraham Klausner, in speaking with some of the 1450 Jews of the Monchenberg DP camp, discovered complaints about the lack of food for Passover. 16

"The observant Jew can manage, they argued, but the observant Jew can not even use the oleomargarine that the AJDC sent to the camps. The label, they noted, clearly indicated it contains two items, one to make it milchig (dairy)--and who eats milchig on Passover?--and one to bar it from Passover use." When Klausner asked what they wanted instead, they said potatoes. Klausner arranged for five tons of potatoes to be delivered to the camps at a cost of 22,000RM or $100.00.17

http://www.tzemachdovid.org/vaadhatzala/kosher.shtml

[CrackSmokeRepublican]

From all appearances ... it looks like this J-Scam "Aliyah Bet"  (immigration to "Palestine") was going on quite "organically" from all corners of the world before, during and after WWII. --CSR

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ORT- DP Persons Glossary

Aliyah Bet- meaning "Aliyah 'B'" was the code name given to illegal immigration of Jewish to the British Mandate of Palestine. It was distinguished from Aliyah Aleph ("Aliyah 'A'") the limited Jewish legal immigration, that the British did allow to enter Palestine. There were two phases of Aliyah Bet. The first, just before and during World War Two was aimed at rescuing European Jews from the Holocaust. The second phase, which took place from the end of the war until the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 concentrated on transporting into Palestine Jewish survivors, especially those housed in DP Camps. Aliyah Bet transports were organized by the Mossad l'Aliyah Bet, a part of the Haganah.

 

Beth Jacob- Orthodx Jewish schools for girls and young women. Since Talmud Torahs and Yeshivas would traditionally only teach boys,  The Beth Jacob movement was started  in Poland in early XX century in order to create Jewish school system for females, who up to then could only attend non-Jewish schools.

Brichah- (Hebrew: escape or flight) clandestine organization of illegal emigration of about 250,000 Jews, mainly from Poland via transit camps, to Palestine. Initially organised by the leaders of Polish Zionist fighting groups, including Icchak Zuckerman and Abba Kovner, Brichah used its elaborate smuggling network to transport people into DP camps and then through the British cordon into Palestine. The organization ended with the establishment of Israel after the new state opened it gates to Jewish immigrants from Europe.

Central Committee of the Liberated Jews in Germany (Tsentral Komitet fun di Bafreite Yidn in Daytshland)- the official representative bodies of Jewish DPs in the American and British zone of Germany. The first representation of survivors in the British Zone- the camp committee in Bergen Belsen was established in April 1945- only three days after the liberation of the camp. The committee, led by a Bergen Belsen survivor Josef Rosensaft, later developed into the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. The Central Committee in the US zone was founded on July 1, 1945, at the first meeting of representatives of American zone Jewish DP camps held in Feldafing. Its president became Dr. Zalman Grinberg. The central committees played a key role in organizing lives of the DPs. They coordinating family tracing efforts and emigration, conducted historical documentation and organized education, cultural and religious live in the camps.

Cheder-  a traditional Jewish elementary school, which was popular in Eastern Europe before the Holocaust. Cheder in Hebrew means 'room'. Traditionally, cheder classes were held in the private house of the teacher, the Melamed. Students, usually boys, aged 5 to 13, were taught in small groups and studied Judaism and the Hebrew language.

Displaced Persons (DPs)- people who were forced to leave their native country, often as a result of an armed conflict.  The term was first widely used during World War II, most commonly to refer to those who had to leave their home countries as refugees,prisoners or a slave laborers

DP Camps- Displaced Persons Camps started as improvised shelter for about one million people, including 50.000 Jews who refused or were unable to come back after the end of 1945 to the country of their origin. DP camps were primarily organized in Germany, Austria and Italy and located in former military barracks, but also included summer camps for children, hotels, castles, hospitals, private homes, and even partly destroyed structures. The administration of the camps was in the hands of occupying allied military authorities UNRRA, but later was de facto overtaken by DP's organizations. By 1952 all but one DP camp was closed. The last DP camp, Fohrenwald closed in 1957.

Exodus 1947- the ship that carried Jewish emigrants, mainly Holocaust survivors with no immigration certificates from France to the British controlled Palestine. Most of the emigrants were Holocaust survivor refugees, who had no legal immigration certificates to Palestine. Following wide media coverage, theBritish Royal Navy seized the ship, and deported all its passengers back to Europe.

Haganah (Hebrew-Defence) Zionist resistance organization, opposing the British Mandate in Palestine.

Halutzim- members of the Zionist scouts/pioneer movement. Between the wars, members of the Hehalutz promoted immigration (Aliyah) to Erets Israel.

Infiltrees- Holocaust survivors, mainly from Eastern Europe, who illegaly crossed the border to enter into Austria, Germany and Italy.

Jewish Agency for Israel- a pre-state Jewish government, Zionist organization at the head of the Jewish community in Palestine during the time of the British Mandate. In May 1948, after the establishment of the state of Israel, Jewish Agency led by David Ben-Gurion became the provisional government of the state.

Jewish Brigade-The Jewish Brigade Group, a military formation of the British Army, was formally established in September 1944. The Jewish Brigade fought in Italy against the Germans until May 1945 and was later stationed in Europe, where it helped establish DP camps. Members of the Jewish Brigade, along the Hagana were also involved in organized the Brichah- a clandestine flight of people from central and Eastern Europe into Palestine

Joint (The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee) was founded in 1914, as a result of a merge of three American Jewish charitable organizations, in order to raise founds and distribute aid among Palestinian and Eastern European Jews. After the Nazi got to power in 1933, the Joint concentrated on organizing immigration and financial help for German and Austrian refugees During the Second World War it conducted underground relief work in German-occupied countries.  After the war the Joint became the main organization providing financial help for Holocaust survivors, especially those gathered in DP camps. It also assisted in organizing Jewish emigration and after establishment of the state of Israel facilitated immigration to the new state.

Kibbutz- a collective farm or settlement. Its members (kibbutzniks) live and work together and share their property. Before establishment of the state of Israel,  Kibbutzim in Europe, including those in DP camps, were usually founded by Zionist youth and group young people who later wanted to immigrate to Palestine.

Mikvah- A ritual bath, used to regain purity after and before events specified in Judaism by religious regulations and traditions, such as before certain Jewish Holidays or after menstruation and childbirth. Mikvahs usually take shape of pools filled with natural water, most often rain water. According to Jewish Law the mikvah is to be constructed in a Jewish community before building of a synagogue.

OSE- OEuvre de secours aux enfants, Society for Rescuing Children- a French Jewish organization which was very active in helping Jewish children during the Holocaust. After the war, OSE set up a number of children's homes for Jewish children.

She'erith Hapleitah- a biblical term, first used in Genesis 32:9, signifying the Surviving Remnant. After World War Two the term was used in broad sense in reference to all  Jews who survived in Europe after the Holocaust, in particular to around 300,000 Jews gathered in the DP camps in Italy, Germany and Austria. The term She'erith Hapleitah links physical survival of the extermination with the rebirth of Jewish life in Palestine.

Talmud Torah- Jewish elementary school that puts emphasis on religious studies. Initially, talmud torahs were created to help children from poor families in obtaining good quality of education and replace the privately-owned cheders. Talmud Torah was meant to prepare students for entering the yeshiva or other form of secondary-level education.

Tarbut Schools- A network of secular Zionist, Hebrew-language schools which was developed in Eastern and Central Europe in the first half of XX century.

UNRRA- United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration was founded in June 1943 to provide aid to areas liberated from the Axis powers. As part of its welfere program UNRRA distributed billions of dollars worth of aid founding shelter, food and rehabilitatiobn programs as well as helped repatriate about 7 million post-war refugees. UNRRA ceased its operation in Europe in 1947 and in Asia in 1949. Its functions were transfered to other UN Agencies, including International Refugee Organization (IFO) and United Nations Children's Found (UNICEF).

Yeshiva- A traditional institute of advanced rabbinic learning where students, usually male, study Judaism's religious texts, especially the Talmud

Zionism-  Jewish nationalism movement supporting establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. Zionism was formally established in the late 19th century as a response to growing anti-Semitism in Central and Eastern Europe. After Holocaust Zionism intensified its activities and became the dominant Jewish political movement. The movement reached its primary goal in 1948 , with the establishment of the state of Israel.

http://dpcamps.ort.org/documents/dp-glossary/