Being Latin # 60 - The Grand Chessboard

[Anonymous]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_King ... king_Glass)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Annotated_Alice

http://www.filedownloadfull.com/2009/04 ... ing-glass/

[Anonymous]

Benjamin Disraeli

http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/disraeli/index.html

mad hatter or unicorn



http://www.victorianweb.org/art/illustr ... s/7.2.html

http://www.victorianweb.org/art/illustr ... s/7.3.html

http://www.victorianweb.org/art/illustr ... s/7.4.html

William Gladstone - lion's beard



http://www.bgyifa.com/about/

Baker, Gladstone & York Ltd was established by David and Peter Gladstone in 1999 with their impeccable family heritage in mind. William Gladstone was one of Great Britain's longest-serving Chancellors of the Exchequer. By the end of his fourth term as Chancellor – he was also Prime Minister four times – the name Gladstone had become synonymous with financial astuteness, stability and prudent financial planning.

[Anonymous]

http://www.ucd.ie/news/oct06/102706_aldous.htm

and of course a jew is a mythical creature

The Lion and the Unicorn – Gladstone vs Disraeli

In an era when Britain practically ruled the world, two men locked horns for almost five decades, each aiming oratorical barbs to unhinge the other as they battled for the ultimate prize: First Lord and Prime Minister of Great Britain and leader of a global superpower.

The clash between William Gladstone and Benjamin Disraeli was about more than ideology and political expediency: it was deeply personal. This battle between these titans of the Victorian Era is brilliantly told in Dr Richard Aldous's most recent book "The Lion and the Unicorn, Gladstone vs Disraeli", published by Hutchinson.

Richard Aldous, Head of the UCD School of History and Archives, is a writer of extraordinary talent and in this book demonstrates an ability to translate and interpret history for the lay reader, fellow historians and students alike.

Disraeli – a 3rd generation Jewish immigrant with an extravagant lifestyle succeeded in becoming the favourite of the tempremental Queen Victoria. Gladstone meanwhile – a product of English capitalism, Oxford and fervent Anglo-Catholicism - earned only her ire, but ultimately appealed over the Queen's head direct to voters as "The People's William".

Aldous's book draws on extensive research on the two men and ties together their personal lives and political actions in a "must read" biography that explains the consequences of their bitter relationship.

[Anonymous]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gladstone

Gladstone was outraged at the Roman Catholic Church's Decree of Papal Infallibility and set about to refute it. In November 1874 he published the pamphlet The Vatican Decrees in their Bearing on Civil Allegiance. In it, Gladstone claimed that this decree had placed British Catholics in a dilemma over their loyalty to the Crown and their loyalty to the Pope. Gladstone urged British Catholics to reject papal infallibility as they had opposed the Spanish Armada of 1588. The pamphlet sold 150,000 copies by the end of 1874.[24] In February 1875 Gladstone published a second anti-catholic pamphlet which was a defence of his earlier pamphlet and a reply to his critics, entitled Vaticanism: an Answer to Reproofs and Replies. He described the Catholic Church as "an Asian monarchy: nothing but one giddy height of despotism, and one dead level of religious subservience". He further claimed that the Pope wanted to destroy the rule of law and replace it with arbitrary tyranny, and then to hide these "crimes against liberty beneath a suffocating cloud of incense".[24]



A pamphlet he published in September 1876, Bulgarian Horror and the Question of the East,[25] attacked the Disraeli government for its indifference to the violent repression of the Bulgarian rebellion in the Ottoman Empire (Known as the Bulgarian April uprising). An often-quoted excerpt illustrates his formidable rhetorical powers:

    Let the Turks now carry away their abuses, in the only possible manner, namely, by carrying off themselves. Their Zaptiehs and their Mudirs, their Bimbashis and Yuzbashis, their Kaimakams and their Pashas, one and all, bag and baggage, shall, I hope, clear out from the province that they have desolated and profaned. This thorough riddance, this most blessed deliverance, is the only reparation we can make to those heaps and heaps of dead, the violated purity alike of matron and of maiden and of child; to the civilization which has been affronted and shamed; to the laws of God, or, if you like, of Allah; to the moral sense of mankind at large. There is not a criminal in a European jail, there is not a criminal in the South Sea Islands, whose indignation would not rise and over-boil at the recital of that which has been done, which has too late been examined, but which remains unavenged, which has left behind all the foul and all the fierce passions which produced it and which may again spring up in another murderous harvest from the soil soaked and reeking with blood and in the air tainted with every imaginable deed of crime and shame. That such things should be done once is a damning disgrace to the portion of our race which did them; that the door should be left open to their ever so barely possible repetition would spread that shame over the world!

    Let me endeavor, very briefly to sketch, in the rudest outline what the Turkish race was and what it is. It is not a question of Mohammedanism simply, but of Mohammedanism compounded with the peculiar character of a race. They are not the mild Mohammedans of India, nor the chivalrous Saladins of Syria, nor the cultured Moors of Spain. They were, upon the whole, from the black day when they first entered Europe, the one great anti-human specimen of humanity. Wherever they went a broad line of blood marked the track behind them, and, as far as their dominion reached, civilization vanished from view. They represented everywhere government by force as opposed to government by law.—Yet a government by force can not be maintained without the aid of an intellectual element.— Hence there grew up, what has been rare in the history of the world, a kind of tolerance in the midst of cruelty, tyranny and rapine. Much of Christian life was contemptuously left alone and a race of Greeks was attracted to Constantinople which has all along made up, in some degree, the deficiencies of Turkish Islam in the element of mind!

[mgt23]

Couple of useful links for u savage

Alice in wonderland audiobook(I would read savages annotated version as well)
http://www.deathflag.org/index.php?page ... 28e5461323

The Red Queen by Matt Ridley
http://www.deathflag.org/index.php?page ... b0e6e47c9d

[Anonymous]

http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/kR ... directlink

In 1882 he resigned his professorship and utilized his thus increased leisure by travelling in Palestine and Egypt, and showed his interest in the Old Catholic movement by visiting Döllinger at Munich. In 1886 he became chancellor of St Paul's, and is said to have declined more than one offer of a bishopric. Liddon was a friend of Lewis Carroll

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Parry_Liddon

Title
The working title of Alice's new adventures was 'Looking-Glass House'. It evolved to 'Behind the Looking-Glass', but eventually Henry Liddon suggested 'Through the Looking-Glass' and the subtitle 'And What Alice Found There' was added.
(source: Stoffell, S. Lovett, Lewis Carroll in Wonderland. The life and times of Alice and her creator, 1997, p.94-95)

http://www.alice-in-wonderland.net/alice1b.html

It would appear that Carroll and Liddon were Anglo Catholics

[Anonymous]

Apparently a missing chapter

The Wasp in a Wig

. . . and she was just going to spring over, when she heard a deep sigh, which seemed to come from the wood behind her.
"There's somebody very unhappy there," she thought, looking anxiously back to see what was the matter. Something like a very old
man (only that his face was more like a wasp) was sitting on the ground, leaning against a tree, all huddled up together, and shivering as
if he were very cold.
"I don't think I can be of any use to him," was Alice's first thought, as she turned to spring over the brook:—"but I'll just ask him what's
                                                                                                                                       1
the matter," she added, checking herself on the very edge. "If I once jump over, everything will change, and then I can't help him."
So she went back to the Wasp—rather unwillingly, for she was very anxious to be a Queen.
"Oh, my old bones, my old bones!" he was grumbling as Alice came up to him.
"It's rheumatism, I should think," Alice said to herself, and she stooped over him, and said very kindly, "I hope you're not in much
pain?"
The Wasp only shook his shoulders, and turned his head away. "Ah, dreary me!" he said to himself.
"Can I do anything for you?" Alice went on. "Aren't you rather cold here?"
                                                                                                          2
"How you go on!" the Wasp said in a peevish tone. "Worrity, worrity! There never was such a child!"
Alice felt rather offended at this answer, and was very nearly walking on and leaving him, but she thought to herself "Perhaps it's only
pain that makes him so cross." So she tried once more.

"Won't you let me help you round to the other side? You'll be out of the cold wind there."
The Wasp took her arm, and let her help him round the tree, but when he got settled down again he only said, as before, "Worrity,
worrity! Can't you leave a body alone?"
                                                                                                                                3
"Would you like me to read you a bit of this?" Alice went on, as she picked up a newspaper which had been lying at his feet.
"You may read it if you've a mind to," the Wasp said, rather sulkily. "Nobody's hindering you, that I know of."
So Alice sat down by him, and spread out the paper on her knees, and began. "Latest News. The Exploring Party have made another
tour in the Pantry, and have found five new lumps of white sugar, large and in fine condition. In coming back—"
"Any brown sugar?" the Wasp interrupted.
Alice hastily ran her eye down the paper and said "No. It says nothing about brown."
                                                                      4
"No brown sugar!" grumbled the Wasp. "A nice exploring party!"
"In coming back," Alice went on reading, "they found a lake of treacle. The banks of the lake were blue and white, and looked like
china. While tasting the treacle, they had a sad accident: two of their party were engulphed—"
"Were what?" the Wasp asked in a very cross voice.
                                                                    5
"En-gulph-ed," Alice repeated, dividing the word into syllables.
"There's no such word in the language!" said the Wasp.
"It's in this newspaper, though," Alice said a little timidly.
"Let it stop there!" said the Wasp, fretfully turning away his head.
Alice put down the newspaper. "I'm afraid you're not well," she said in a soothing tone. "Can't I do anything for you?"
                             6
"It's all along of the wig," the Wasp said in a much gentler voice.
"Along of the wig?" Alice repeated, quite pleased to find that he was recovering his temper.
                                                                                                                7
"You'd be cross too, if you'd a wig like mine," the Wasp went on. "They jokes at one. And they worrits one. And then I gets cross. And
                                                                          8
I gets cold. And I gets under a tree. And I gets a yellow handkerchief. And I ties up my face—as at the present."
                                                                                                9
Alice looked pityingly at him. "Tying up the face is very good for the toothache," she said.
"And it's very good for the conceit," added the Wasp.
Alice didn't catch the word exactly. "Is that a kind of toothache?" she asked.
The Wasp considered a little. "Well, no," he said: "it's when you hold up your head—so—without bending your neck."
                               10
"Oh, you mean stiff-neck," said Alice.
The Wasp said "That's a new-fangled name. They called it conceit in my time."
"Conceit isn't a disease at all," Alice remarked.
"It is, though," said the Wasp: "wait till you have it, and then you'll know. And when you catches it, just try tying a yellow handkerchief
round your face. It'll cure you in no time!"
                                                                                                                                   11
He untied the handkerchief as he spoke, and Alice looked at his wig in great surprise. It was bright yellow like the handkerchief, and
all tangled and tumbled about like a heap of seaweed. "You could make your wig much neater," she said, "if only you had a comb."
                                                                                                             12
"What, you're a Bee, are you?" the Wasp said, looking at her with more interest. "And you've got a comb. Much honey?"
"It isn't that kind," Alice hastily explained. "It's to comb hair with—your wig's so very rough, you know."
"I'll tell you how I came to wear it," the Wasp said. "When I was young, you know, my ringlets used to wave—"
A curious idea came into Alice's head. Almost every one she had met had repeated poetry to her, and she thought she would try if the
Wasp couldn't do it too. "Would you mind saying it in rhyme?" she asked very politely.
"It ain't what I'm used to," said the Wasp: "however I'll try; wait a bit." He was silent for a few moments, and then began again—
                                          13
"When I was young, my ringlets waved
    And curled and crinkled on my head:
And then they said 'You should be shaved,
    And wear a yellow wig instead.'
But when I followed their advice,
    And they had noticed the effect,
They said I did not look so nice
    As they had ventured to expect.
They said it did not fit, and so
   It made me look extremely plain:
But what was I to do, you know?
   My ringlets would not grow again.
So now that I am old and gray,
    And all my hair is nearly gone,
They take my wig from me and say
    'How can you put such rubbish on?'
And still, whenever I appear,
                                      14
    They hoot at me and call me 'Pig!'
And that is why they do it, dear,
    Because I wear a yellow wig."
"I'm very sorry for you," Alice said heartily: "and I think if your wig fitted a little better, they wouldn't tease you quite so much."
"Your wig fits very well," the Wasp murmured, looking at her with an expression of admiration: "it's the shape of your head as does it.
Your jaws ain't well shaped, though—I should think you couldn't bite well?"
                                                                                                      15
Alice began with a little scream of laughter, which she turned into a cough as well as she could.        At last she managed to say gravely, "I
                           16
can bite anything I want."
"Not with a mouth as small as that," the Wasp persisted. "If you was a-fighting, now—could you get hold of the other one by the back
of the neck?"
"I'm afraid not," said Alice.
"Well, that's because your jaws are too short," the Wasp went on: "but the top of your head is nice and round." He took off his own wig
                                                         17
as he spoke, and stretched out one claw towards Alice,      as if he wished to do the same for her, but she kept out of reach, and would not
take the hint. So he went on with his criticisms.
                                                                                                                                      18
"Then your eyes—they're too much in front, no doubt. One would have done as well as two, if you must have them so close—"
Alice did not like having so many personal remarks made on her, and as the Wasp had quite recovered his spirits, and was getting very
talkative, she thought she might safely leave him. "I think I must be going on now," she said. "Good-bye."
"Good-bye, and thank-ye," said the Wasp, and Alice tripped down the hill again, quite pleased that she had gone back and given a few
minutes to making the poor old creature comfortable.

[Anonymous]

Liddon

With Dean Church he may be said to have restored the waning influence of the Tractarian school, and he succeeded in popularizing the opinions which, in the hands of Pusey and Keble, had appealed to thinkers and scholars.

The Tractarian Movement

with the failure to appreciate the catholic heritage of the church, in particular its historical and theological insights predating the reformation, and with its erastianism — the willingness to subordinate the legitimate claims and prerogatives of the church to the requirements of state policy.

http://www.victorianweb.org/religion/herb7.html

Liddon

Liddon was a friend of Lewis Carroll, who accompanied him on a trip to Moscow where Liddon made approaches to leading Russian Orthodox clergy, seeking closer links between them and the Church of England[1]

[Anonymous]

"It is the voice of my child!" the White Queen cried out, as she rushed
past the King, so violently that she knocked him over among the
cinders. "My precious Lily! My imperial kitten!" and she began
scrambling wildly up the side of the fender.
"Imperial fiddlestick!" said the King, rubbing his nose, which had been
hurt by the fall. He had a right to be a little annoyed with the Queen, for
he was covered with ashes from head to foot.

Clue:

Imperial designates Holy Roman Empire - Hapsburg -  Roman Army

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Habsburg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire

so the white King and Queen are Imperial

[Anonymous]

[Catholic]
King James II - King James Bible

James II & VII (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701)[2] was King of England and Ireland as James II, and Scotland as James VII,[1] from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Some of James's subjects were unhappy with James's belief in absolute monarchy and opposed his religious policies, leading a group of them to depose him in the Glorious Revolution. The Parliament of England deemed James to have abdicated on 11 December 1688. The Parliament of Scotland on 11 April 1689 declared him to have forfeited the throne. He was replaced not by his Catholic son, James Francis Edward, but by his Protestant daughter, Mary II, and his son-in-law, William III. William and Mary became joint rulers in 1689. James II made one serious attempt to recover his crowns, when he landed in Ireland in 1689 but, after the defeat of the Jacobite forces by the Williamite forces at the Battle of the Boyne in the summer of 1690, James returned to France. He lived out the rest of his life under the protection of his cousin and ally, King Louis XIV.

defeated by


[Protestant]
William III (14 November 1650 – 8 March 1702)was a sovereign Prince of Orange by birth. From 1672 he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic. From 1689 he reigned as William III over England and Ireland, and as William II over Scotland.
His reign marked the beginning of the transition from the personal rule of the Stuarts to the more Parliament-centred rule of the House of Hanover.

Charter of Bank Of England
renewel of charter of corporation of the city of london

uni at leiden

The Act of Settlement 1701

Sophia plays an important role in British history and royal lineage. As a daughter of Elizabeth Stuart and granddaughter of James I of England, VI of Scotland, she was the closest Protestant relative to William III (king of England and Scotland by marriage and by being the son of Princess Mary, daughter of Charles I), after his childless sister-in-law, Princess Anne, the heiress presumptive. In 1701, the Act of Settlement made her Anne's heiress presumptive for the purpose of cutting off any claim by the Catholic James Francis Edward Stuart, who would otherwise have become James III, as well as denying the throne to many other Catholics and spouses of Catholics who held a claim. The act restricts the British throne to the "Protestant heirs" of Sophia of Hanover who have never been Catholic and who have never married a Catholic.

[Protestant]
Sophia of Hanover (properly Electress of Brunswick-Lüneburg; born Sophia, Countess Palatine of Simmern; 14 October 1630 – 8 June 1714)

[Protestant]
George I (George Louis; German: Georg Ludwig; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727)[1] was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 until his death, and ruler of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire from 1698.

At the age of 54, after the death of Queen Anne, he ascended the British throne as the first monarch of the House of Hanover. Although over fifty Catholics bore closer blood relationships to Anne, the Act of Settlement 1701 prohibited Catholics from inheriting the throne, and George was Anne's closest living Protestant relative. In reaction, the Jacobites attempted to depose George and replace him with Anne's Catholic half-brother, James Francis Edward Stuart, but their attempts failed.

[Protestant]
George II (George Augustus; German: Georg II. August; 10 November 1683[1] – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death.

He was the last British monarch to have been born outside Great Britain, and was famous for his numerous conflicts with his father and, subsequently, with his son. As king, he exercised little control over policy in his early reign, the government instead being controlled by Great Britain's parliament.

[Protestant]
Frederick, Prince of Wales (Frederick Louis; 1 February 1707 – 31 March 1751) was a member of the House of Hanover and therefore of the Hanoverian and later British Royal Family, the eldest son of George II and father of George III as well as the Great-Grandfather of Victoria of the United Kingdom.

[Protestant]
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738[1] – 29 January 1820 [N.S.]) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. He was concurrently Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and prince-elector of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire until his promotion to King of Hanover on 12 October 1814. He was the third British monarch of the House of Hanover, but unlike his two predecessors he was born in Britain and spoke English as his first language.[2] Despite his long life, he never visited Hanover.[3]

[Protestant]
George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was the king of Hanover and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from the death of his father, George III, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later. From 1811 until his accession, he served as Prince Regent during his father's relapse into insanity from an illness that is now suspected to have been porphyria.[1]

[Protestant]
William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death on 20 June 1837. William, the third son of George III and younger brother and successor to George IV, was the last king and penultimate monarch of the House of Hanover.

[Protestant]
Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India of the British Raj from 1 May 1876, until her death. Her reign as the Queen lasted 63 years and 7 months, longer than that of any other British monarch before or since. She is to date the longest reigned female monarch in history. The period centered on her reign is known as the Victorian era, a time of industrial, political, scientific and military progress within the United Kingdom.

Queen Victoria and the challenge of Roman Catholicism.

by Walter L. Arnstein

Biographies of Queen Victoria continue to pour from the presses, but modern scholars have dealt systematically with the role of religion in the queen's life in but two essays. This fact is surprising when we consider how important a role religion played in nineteenth-century British society and how often the queen's views have been described as typical of her fellow Victorians. A yet more significant reason why the queen's religious views merit the attention of historians is that, even if she lacked ultimate power, she often influenced public policy. She served, after all, as supreme governor of the Church of England as well as head of state. Had it not been for the initiative of the queen, for example, Archibald Tait would not have become archbishop of Canterbury in 1868, the controversial Public Worship Regulation Act would not have become law in 1874, and the fifth earl of Rosebery would not have succeeded William Ewart Gladstone as prime minister in 1894.(1)

[Protestant]
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910. He was the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which was renamed the House of Windsor by his son, George V.

In matters of religion, Queen Victoria saw herself as devout but broadminded, an Anglican by law who was equally willing to attend Presbyterian services in Scotland and Lutheran services in Germany. As the head of a multi-racial and multi-ethnic empire, she envisaged herself as the monarch not only of Christians but also of Jews and Muslims, of Buddhists and Hindus. In her proclamation to the people of India in 1858, she therefore declared "it to be Our Royal will and pleasure that none be in any wise favoured, none molested or disquieted, by reason of their religious faith or observances, but that all shall alike enjoy the equal and impartial protection of the law."

[Protestant]
George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 1910 through World War I (1914–1918) until his death in 1936. He was the first British monarch of the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

[Protestant]
Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; later The Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) was King of the United Kingdom and the British dominions, and Emperor of India from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December 1936, after which he was immediately succeeded by his younger brother, George VI. After his father, George V, Edward was the second monarch of the House of Windsor, his father having changed the name of the royal house from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1917.

[Protestant]
George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India (until 1947), the last King of Ireland (until 1949), and the first Head of the Commonwealth.

[Protestant]
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the queen regnant of sixteen independent states known informally as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. She holds each crown separately and equally, and carries out duties for each state of which she is sovereign, as well as acting as Head of the Commonwealth, Supreme Governor of the Church of England, Duke of Normandy, Lord of Mann, and Paramount Chief of Fiji. In theory her powers are vast; however, in practice, and in accordance with convention, she rarely intervenes in political matters.

[Anonymous]

http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/Lw ... directlink

The opening stanza of "Jabberwocky" first appeared in Mischmasch, the last of a series of private little "periodicals" that young
Carroll wrote, illustrated and hand-lettered for the amusement of his brothers and sisters. In an issue dated 1855 (Carroll was then
twenty-three), under the heading "Stanza of Anglo-Saxon Poetry," the following "curious fragment" appears:

Carroll then proceeds to interpret the words as follows:
                BRYLLYG (derived from the verb to BRYL or BROIL), "the time of broiling
                dinner, i.e. the close of the afternoon."
                SLYTHY (compounded of SLIMY and LITHE). "Smooth and active."
                TOVE. A species of Badger. They had smooth white hair, long hind legs, and
                  short horns like a stag; lived chiefly on cheese.
                  GYRE, verb (derived from GYAOUR or GIAOUR, "a dog"). To scratch like a dog.
                  GYMBLE (whence GIMBLET). "To screw out holes in anything."
                  WABE (derived from the verb to SWAB or SOAK). "The side of a hill" (from
                  its being soaked by the rain).
                  MIMSY (whence MIMSERABLE and MISERABLE). "Unhappy."
                  BOROGOVE. An extinct kind of Parrot. They had no wings, beaks turned up,
                  and made their nests under sundials: lived on veal.
                  MOME (hence SOLEMOME, SOLEMONE, and SOLEMN). "Grave."
                  RATH. A species of land turtle. Head erect: mouth like a shark: forelegs
                  curved out so that the animal walked on its knees: smooth green body:
                  lived on swallows and oysters.
                  OUTGRABE, past tense of the verb to OUTGRIBE. (It is connected with old
                  verb to GRIKE, or SHRIKE, from which are derived "shriek" and "creak").
                  "Squeaked."
                  Hence the literal English of the passage is: "It was evening, and the
                  smooth active badgers were scratching and boring holes in the hill-side;
                  all unhappy were the parrots; and the grave turtles squeaked out."
                  There were probably sundials on the top of the hill, and the "borogoves"
                  were afraid that their nests would be undermined. The hill was probably
                  full of the nests of "raths", which ran out, squeaking with fear, on
                  hearing the "toves" scratching outside. This is an obscure, but yet deeply-
                  affecting, relic of ancient Poetry.
It is interesting to compare these explanations with those given by Humpty Dumpty in Chapter 6.
Few would dispute the fact that "Jabberwocky" is the greatest of all nonsense poems in English. It was so well known to English
schoolboys in the late nineteenth century that five of its nonsense words appear casually in the conversation of students in Rudyard
Kipling's Stalky & Co. Alice herself, in the paragraph following the poem, puts her finger on the secret of the poem's charm: ". . . it
seems to fill my head with ideas—only I don't know exactly what they are." Although the strange words have no precise meaning, they
chime with subtle overtones.
There is an obvious similarity between nonsense verse of this sort and an abstract painting. The realistic artist is forced to copy nature,
imposing on the copy as much as he can in the way of pleasing forms and colors; but the abstract artist is free to romp with the paint as
much as he pleases. In similar fashion the nonsense poet does not have to search for ingenious ways of combining pattern and sense; he
simply adopts a policy that is the opposite of the advice given by the Duchess in the previous book (see Chapter 9, Note 6)—he takes
care of the sounds and allows the sense to take care of itself. The words he uses may suggest vague meanings, like an eye here and a
foot there in a Picasso abstraction, or they may have no meaning at all—just a play of pleasant sounds like the play of nonobjective
colors on a canvas.
Carroll was not, of course, the first to use this technique of double-talk in humorous verse. He was preceded by Edward Lear, and it is a
curious fact that nowhere in the writings or letters of these two undisputed leaders of English nonsense did either of them refer to the
other, nor is there evidence that they ever met. Since the time of Lear and Carroll there have been attempts to produce a more serious
poetry of this sort—poems by the Dadaists, the Italian futurists, and Gertrude Stein, for example—but somehow when the technique is
taken too seriously the results seem tiresome. I have yet to meet someone who could recite one of Miss Stein's poetic efforts, but I have
known a good many Carrollians who found that they knew the "Jabberwocky" by heart without ever having made a conscious effort to
memorize it. Ogden Nash produced a fine piece of nonsense in his poem "Geddondillo" ("The Sharrot scudders nights in the quastran
now, / The dorlim slinks undeceded in the grost . . ."), but even here there seems to be a bit too much straining for effect, whereas
"Jabberwocky" has a careless lilt and perfection that makes it the unique thing it is.
"Jabberwocky" was a favorite of the British astronomer Arthur Stanley Eddington and is alluded to several times in his writings. In New
Pathways in Science he likens the abstract syntactical structure of the poem to that modern branch of mathematics known as group
theory. In The Nature of the Physical World he points out that the physicist's description of an elementary particle is really a kind of
Jabberwocky; words applied to "something unknown" that is "doing we don't know what." Because the description contains numbers,
science is able to impose a certain amount of order on the phenomena and to make successful predictions about them.
"By contemplating eight circulating electrons in one atom and seven circulating electrons in another," Eddington writes,
                  we begin to realize the difference between oxygen and nitrogen. Eight
                  slithy toves gyre and gimble in the oxygen wabe; seven in nitrogen. By
                  admitting a few numbers even "Jabberwocky" may become scientific. We can
                  now venture on a prediction; if one of its toves escapes, oxygen will be
                  masquerading in a garb properly belonging to nitrogen. In the stars and
                  nebulae we do find such wolves in sheep's clothing which might otherwise
                  have startled us. It would not be a bad reminder of the essential
                  unknownness of the fundamental entities of physics to translate it into
                  "Jabberwocky"; provided all numbers—all metrical attributes—are unchanged,
                  it does not suffer in the least.
"Jabberwocky" has been translated skillfully into several languages. There are two Latin versions. One by Augustus A. Vansittart,
fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, was issued as a pamphlet by the Oxford University Press in 1881 and will be found on page 144
of Stuart Collingwood's biography of Carroll. The other version, by Carroll's uncle, Hassard H. Dodgson, is in The Lewis Carroll
Picture Book on page 364. (The Gaberbocchus Press, a whimsical London publishing house, derives its name from Uncle Hassard's
Latin word for Jabberwock.)
The following French translation by Frank L. Warrin first appeared in The New Yorker (January 10, 1931). (I quote from Mrs. Lennon's
book, where it is reprinted.)
         Le Jaseroque
Il brilgue: les tôves lubricilleux
Se gyrent en vrillant dans le guave,
Enmîmés sont les gougebosqueux,
Et le mômerade horsgrave.
Garde-toi du Jaseroque, mon fils!
La gueule qui mord; la griffe qui prend!
Garde-toi de l'oiseau Jube, évite
Le frumieux Band-à-prend.
Son glaive vorpal en main il va-
T-à la recherche du fauve manscant;
Puis arrivé à l'arbre Té-Té,
Il y reste, réfléchissant.
Pendant qu'il pense, tout uffusé
Le Jaseroque, à l'oeil flambant,
Vient siblant par le bois tullegeais,
Et burbule en venant.
Un deux, un deux, par le milieu,
Le glaive vorpal fait pat-à-pan!
La bête défaite, avec sa tête,
Il rentre gallomphant.
As-tu tué le Jaseroque?
Viens à mon coeur, fils rayonnais!
O jour frabbejeais! Calleau! Callai!
Il cortule dans sa joie.
Il brilgue: les tôves lubricilleux
Se gyrent en vrillant dans le guave,
Enmîmés sont les gougebosqueux,
Et le mômerade horsgrave.
A magnificent German translation was made by Robert Scott, an eminent Greek scholar who had collaborated with Dean Liddell
(Alice's father) on a Greek lexicon. It first appeared in an article, "The Jabberwock Traced to Its True Source," Macmillan's Magazine
(February 1872). Using the pseudonym of Thomas Chatterton, Scott tells of attending a séance at which the spirit of one Hermann von
Schwindel insists that Carroll's poem is simply an English translation of the following old German ballad:
         Der Jammerwoch
Es brillig war. Die schlichte Toven
    Wirrten und wimmelten in Waben;
Und aller-mümsige Burggoven
    Die mohmen Räth' ausgraben.
Bewahre doch vor Jammerwoch!
    Die Zähne knirschen, Krallen kratzen!
Bewahr' vor Jubjub—Vogel, vor
    Frumiösen Banderschnätzchen!
Er griff sein vorpals Schwertchen zu,
    Er suchte lang das manchsam' Ding;
Dann, stehend unten Tumtum Baum,
    Er an-zu-denken-fing.
Als stand er tief in Andacht auf,
    Des Jammerwochen's Augen-feuer
Durch tulgen Wald mit wiffek kam
    Ein burbelnd ungeheuer!
Eins, Zwei! Eins, Zwei! Und durch und durch
    Sein vorpals Schwert zerschnifer-schnück,
Da blieb es todt! Er, Kopf in Hand,
    Geläumfig zog zurück.
Und schlugst Du ja den Jammerwoch?
    Umarme mich, mien Böhm' sches Kind!
O Freuden-Tag! O Halloo-Schlag!
    Er chortelt froh-gesinnt.
Es brillig war. Die schlichte Toven
    Wirrten und wimmelten in Waben;
Und aller-mümsige Burggoven
    Die mohmen Räth' ausgraben.
New translations of the Alice books keep appearing; there must be at least fifty different versions of "Jabberwocky" in fifty different
languages. See my More Annotated Alice for a second French translation, and versions in Latin, Italian, Spanish, Russian, and Welsh.
Endless parodies of "Jabberwocky" have been attempted. Three of the best will be found on pages 36 and 37 of Carolyn Wells's
anthology, Such Nonsense (1918): "Somewhere-in-Europe Wocky," "Footballwocky," and "The Jabberwocky of the Publishers" ("
'Twas Harpers and the Little Browns/Did Houghton Mifflin the book. . ."). But I incline toward Chesterton's dim view (expressed in his
article on Carroll mentioned in the introduction) of all such efforts to do humorous imitations of something humorous.
In "Mimsy Were the Borogoves," one of the best-known science fiction tales by Lewis Padgett (pen name for the collaborated work of
the late Henry Kuttner and his wife, Catherine L. More), the words of "Jabberwocky" are revealed as symbols from a future language.
Rightly understood, they explain a technique for entering a four-dimensional continuum. A similar notion is found in Fredric Brown's
magnificently funny mystery novel, Night of the Jabberwock. Brown's narrator is an enthusiastic Carrollian. He learns from Yehudi
Smith, apparently a member of a society of Carroll admirers called The Vorpal Blades, that Carroll's fantasies are not fiction at all, but
realistic reporting about another plane of existence. The clues of the fantasies are cleverly concealed in Carroll's mathematical treatises,
especially Curiosa Mathematica, and in his nonacrostic poems, which are really acrostics of a subtler kind. No Carrollian can afford to
miss Night of the Jabberwock. It is an outstanding work of fiction that has close ties to the Alice books.

[Anonymous]

Sir John Tenniel
 By Roger Simpson, Sir John Tenniel

http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=Eoi ... &q=&f=true

[Anonymous]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Geor ... the_Dragon

According to the Golden Legend the narrative episode of Saint George and the Dragon took place in a place he called "Silene," in Libya. The Golden Legend is the first to place this legend in Libya[citation needed], as a sufficiently exotic locale, where a dragon might be imagined.

The town had a pond, as large as a lake, where a plague-bearing dragon dwelled that envenomed all the countryside. To appease the dragon, the people of Silene used to feed it a sheep every day, and when the sheep failed, they fed it their children, chosen by lottery.

It happened that the lot fell on the king's daughter. The king, distraught with grief, told the people they could have all his gold and silver and half of his kingdom if his daughter were spared; the people refused. The daughter was sent out to the lake, decked out as a bride, to be fed to the dragon.

Saint George by chance rode past the lake. The princess, trembling, sought to send him away, but George vowed to remain.

The dragon reared out of the lake while they were conversing. Saint George fortified himself with the Sign of the Cross,[6] charged it on horseback with his lance and gave it a grievous wound. Then he called to the princess to throw him her girdle, and he put it around the dragon's neck. When she did so, the dragon followed the girl like a meek beast on a leash. She and Saint George led the dragon back to the city of Silene, where it terrified the people at its approach. But Saint George called out to them, saying that if they consented to become Christians and be baptised, he would slay the dragon before them.

The king and the people of Silene converted to Christianity, George slew the dragon, and the body was carted out of the city on four ox-carts. "Fifteen thousand men baptized, without women and children." On the site where the dragon died, the king built a church to the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint George, and from its altar a spring arose whose waters cured all disease.[7]

Traditionally, the sword[8] with which St. George slew the dragon was called Ascalon, a name recalling the city of Ashkelon, Israel. From this tradition, the name Ascalon was used by Winston Churchill for his personal aircraft during World War II (records at Bletchley Park), since St. George is the Patron Saint of England.

[Anonymous]

TOVE. A species of Badger. They had smooth white hair, long hind legs, and
short horns like a stag; lived chiefly on cheese.

BOROGOVE. An extinct kind of Parrot. They had no wings, beaks turned up,
and made their nests under sundials: lived on veal.

RATH. A species of land turtle. Head erect: mouth like a shark: forelegs
curved out so that the animal walked on its knees: smooth green body:
lived on swallows and oysters.





So the weasel family like creatures digging about upset the parrots and turtles