the babylonian exile of the papacy and jews 1307AD

[Anonymous]

I started a bit of research having information that the Jews of Rome were exiled to north africa and the papacy to Avignon allegedly   in the 1300's.

Anyway it's interesting

because supposedly the Sephardi  jews originate from this african exile.

I was originally thinking about the moors conquering catholic spain, when it dawned on me that moor reminded me of Moroccan  which reminded me of Moreno.

which leads me to ponder if the north african jews converted by the inquisition were the remnants of the roman jews that were exiled. The regions are the same.

anyway the next piece is very interesting

the jews of avignon had to were a yellow circle on their clothes

Yet Jews of the time were obliged to wear the rouelle or the wheel, a special badge of identification on their outer garments.

which is the yellow spot i have talked about before.



more info on the yellow badge - not vouching for any of it.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_badge

anyway in freemasonry their is a branch known as rotarians, which reminded me of wheel





http://www.worldandi.com/subscribers/fe ... ?num=24389

As the kingdom of France expanded, incorporating southern regions such as Languedoc on the Mediterranean, the position of its Jewish inhabitants began to deteriorate, leading eventually to their banishment and expulsion, especially under the French kings Philip the Fair and Charles VI from 1306 to 1394. Still, the Jews had their champions, such as the twelfth-century French saint, Bernard of Clairvaux, who declared, "He who touches a Jew is as guilty as if he had set to the eye of Jesus himself, for the Jews are His flesh and blood."
       
       Mercifully, many Jews expelled from the French kingdom found refuge nearby; on the opposite bank of the Rhone River at Avignon, which was not yet a French possession. In A.D. 1305 the Holy See of the Roman Catholic Church, founded in Rome twelve centuries earlier, moved to Avignon by the order of Pope Clement V. Thus began a succession of papal rule outside of Rome that lasted until 1378. This was known as the "Babylonian Captivity." During this period, a total of nine popes ruled from Avignon. The Vatican didn't relinquish complete possession of Avignon and its other surrounding lands called, "Comtat Venaissin" until 1791, following the French Revolution.
       
       With the arrival of Clement V, Avignon was immediately transformed into a "Second Rome." The new medieval "capital of Christianity" was encircled by three miles of walls and ramparts. And construction also began on the Papal Palace, the largest existing Gothic architecture in the world today. Its floor space, equivalent to four Gothic cathedrals, was completed in less than twenty years under the leadership of two builder popes, Benedict XII and his successor Clement VI.
       
       Under the blessing of the Avignon popes, the Jewish refugees from the French kingdom, along with those already in residence, joined in the mammoth building effort to erect the new center of medieval Christianity.
Avignon Jews working in the trades and crafts such as masonry, tailoring, dyeing, and bookbinding, were all engaged by the papal authorities to create splendor and decor to the new pontifical court. At the same time, Jewish doctors and surgeons were well respected and practiced under the same patronage.
       
       Cathedrals, churches, chapels, and convents began to rise within Avignon's city walls. Foremost among the houses of worship was the Notre Dame des Doms Cathedral.
       
       Other sanctuaries included St. Peter's Church with an elaborate Flamboyant Gothic facade, St. Didier's Church in Southern Gothic style, St. Martail's, the Oratory Chapel, and the Black and Gray Penitents' Chapels.
       
       The Petit Palace, built early in the Avignon papacy, still stands but has a different function today, serving as a museum featuring more than three hundred masterpieces by Italian painters which redraw the artistic route of painting, including the Avignon school from the Middle Ages through the Renaissance.
       
       Yet Jews of the time were obliged to wear the rouelle or the wheel, a special badge of identification on their outer garments. Depending on how you interpret it, the rouelle could be construed as a mark of protection or of discrimination.

[Wimpy]

Appears to be a fairly simple unambiguous charter and the founder doesn't appear to be Jewish.


Herbert J. Taylor
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Herbert J. Taylor (April 18, 1893 – May 1, 1978) was the creator of the 4-Way Test of the Things We Think, Say or Do in 1932. This 24-word statement of business ethics was devised in twenty minutes as he set out to save the Club Aluminum Products distribution company from bankruptcy. He was a member of the Chicago, Illinois USA Rotary Club at the time, and later became President of his Rotary club and then District Governor.

In 1944, when he was an international director of Rotary, he offered the Four Way Test to the organization, and it was adopted by Rotary for its internal and promotional use. He served as President of Rotary International in 1954-55. The Four Way Test has been promoted around the world and is used in myriad forms to encourage personal and business ethical practices.

Never changed, the 24 word Four Way Test remains today a central part of the permanent Rotary structure throughout the world, and is held as the standard by which all behaviour should be measured:

THE FOUR WAY TEST OF THE THINGS WE THINK, SAY OR DO:

First, IS IT THE TRUTH?

Second, IS IT FAIR TO ALL CONCERNED?

Third, WILL IT BUILD GOOD WILL AND BETTER FRIENDSHIPS?

Fourth, WILL IT BE BENEFICIAL TO ALL CONCERNED?

Taylor was born in Pickford, Michigan, went to high school in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and later worked as a Western Union messenger boy and then as a telegraph operator.

[Anonymous]

@wimpy

Don't confuse the rotary club with the Rotarians - they are separate although may be connected.