Stalin's attempts at a Human-Ape hybrid, notes on his Jewish Daughter

[CrackSmokeRepublican]

Stalin and Alex Jewnstein have something in common...

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"Roosevelt took it as a joke but Churchill knew better."
4 February 2006

Yalta Conference
Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin at Yalta

Curious Article No. 23:

In view of the Führer's contempt toward minorities and anyone judged physically imperfect, it's interesting to note that his point man Dr. Joseph Göbbels had a right leg two inches shorter than the other and a club foot that required a metal brace. Further, when pragmatic needs arose his bureaucrats could declare anyone they chose to be "Aryan" and issue an official document (Deutschblütigkeitserklärung) to that effect. Thus over 100,000 men who were at least part Jewish served at one time or another in the Wehrmacht. Many did so with distinction, even as their kin were being dragooned on the home front. Bryan Rigg in his book Hitler's Jewish Soldiers cites among others Field Marshal Erhard Milch, Admiral Bernhard Rogge, Luftwaffe General Helmut Wilberg, General Johannes Zukertort, Colonel Walter H. Holländer, and of the battleship Bismarck First Staff Officer Paul Ascher.

The Nazi leadership, especially Heinrich Himmler, indulged in various pseudosciences to bolster their demented anthropological theories or to eke out a military advantage. Among them was a belief in an inverted or hollow earth, which they called Hohlweltlehre. An American cult leader named Cyrus Teed had preached during the mid 1800s that we're actually living on the inner surface of a hollow sphere and that the sun is a ball suspended exactly in the center, half light and half dark to provide day and night. By the 1920s this codswallop had become very fashionable in Germany, and with Nazi blessings a certain Karl Neupert authored the book Geokosmos elaborating on it. Persistent claims have Hermann Göring sponsoring a mission in April of 1942 to Rügen Island in the western Baltic which attempted to spy on the British fleet by aiming telescopic cameras upward along a chord of this hollow sphere. After several days of seeing nothing but ordinary sky they called it off. Neupert, it's said, later died in a concentration camp.

"Ivan the Terrible would execute someone and then spend a long time repenting and praying," complained Joseph Stalin. "God got in his way in this matter. He ought to have been more decisive!" Obviously nobody, neither human nor divine, got in Stalin's way. According to Zbigniew Brzezinski, whose estimates square with many others, the man liquidated 20 to 25 million of his own people. This included 7 million Ukrainian farmers and their family members who starved from forced collectivization (troops confiscated all their produce, for export, then blocked the roads so they couldn't escape to find other food), 12 million victims of his purges worked to death in Gulag labor camps, and about a million others executed during and following World War II. He made no secret of this latter butchery and casually asked Winston Churchill at Yalta whether or not he had ever shot any of his subordinates. The ever sanguine Roosevelt took that as a joke but Churchill knew better and never again spoke to the diminutive dictator.

Stalin's narcissism, vengefulness, and paranoia knew no bounds and no one was safe at any hour of the day or night. Even his oldest and dearest cronies lived in constant fear and would scramble to anticipate his wishes so as not to displease or annoy him. One of Stalin's favorite tricks was to ply people with alcohol to the point at which they might say something immoderate, which could then easily develop into an arrest leading to torture, the Gulag, or a bullet. Or he might chillingly observe, "You've been avoiding eye contact with me lately. What's wrong?" Like Hitler he also hounded his Esperanto speakers, whom he characterized as plotters and spies, forcing them to register and eventually, in 1938, rounding them all up to either be shipped to labor camps or shot.

When Stalin himself bought it on March 5, 1953 many began to breathe again, though millions more who had worshipped him thought their world would surely end. Four days earlier he had retired after the usual carousing marathon with his closest circle at the time, secret police chief Lavrenty Beria (Jew), Nikita Khrushchev, Nikolai Bulganin (married to a Jew) , and Georgi Malenkov. But he didn't show at his usual waking time. Half a day passed before anyone dared to disturb him, at which point a bodyguard found him comatose from an apparent stroke. Beria later crowed to Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov that he had poisoned him. Whether or not this was true, at the very least his associates, rightly fearing for their own skins, denied the depraved Georgian medical care for many hours. When doctors finally straggled in they helpfully applied leeches behind his ears.

(Georgi Malenkov) The 1930's saw Malenkov rise speedily in the party hierarchy. From 1930 to 1934 he worked in the Moscow organization, under Kaganovich, as head of personnel. His most important task was helping to eliminate those called foes of Stalin. In 1934 he returned to the Central Committee as a chief aide to Nikolai Yezhov, who later became head of the secret police.

Pope Alexander II
Rumored
Humanzee Owner

Again like Hitler, Stalin pursued his own dubious sciences. His championing of quack agronomist Trofim Lysenko is well known, but perhaps his weirdest move was to pony up $300,000 and order artificial insemination pioneer Ilya Ivanov to produce a human/chimpanzee hybrid: "I want a new invincible human being, insensitive to pain, resistant and indifferent about the quality of food he eats." Ivanov had previously studied a zeedonk (zebra plus donkey), a zubron (European bison plus domestic cow), an antelope/cow, a mouse/guinea pig, and other novel blendings. Between 1926 and 1930 he made several attempts to conceive a humanzee which all failed, though it should be noted that many of his setbacks were circumstantial and sociopolitical (I'll say) rather than biological.

Stories of such paradigm-jarring creatures have circulated since at least as far back as Pope Alexander II in the eleventh century, but so far proof is elusive. Belgian cryptozoölogist Bernard Heuvelmans co-authored a book in 1974 that contained an account from a Russian Gulag escapee, a doctor, claiming a slave race of human/gorilla hybrids had been produced. They were supposedly furry and strong but sterile and made indefatigable salt miners. And in 1987 Florence University dean of anthropology Brunetto Chiarelli said that a secret experiment did conceive a viable humanzee zygote (in vitro, one hopes) but, for ethical reasons, after a number of routine cell divisions the mass was destroyed.

Like most Communist crusaders Mao Zedong preached austerity, self-sacrifice, and egalitarianism while privately enjoying a sumptuous lifestyle. During the legendary Long March of 1934-35 porters carried him on a litter, along with his fortune and voluminous belongings, and he spent his nights dry and toasty in private homes. Communists celebrate the journey as a great victory for the Red Army in which it narrowly averted annihilation by Chiang Kai-shek, but in reality Chiang looked the other way at a critical moment and let them through. The reason was that Stalin was holding his son, Chiang Ching-kuo, and had agreed to repatriate him in exchange for Chiang Senior's cooperation.

http://www.curiousnotions.com/curiosity ... ?number=23


Notes on Malenkov's coverup of Stalin's Jewish second Wife Ana Rubinstein:

The communist tyrant Joseph Stalin was known to be an anti-Semite who planned wide-scale purges against the Jews in his latter days. Yet the fact that the Soviet ruler planned to annihilate the Jews did not prevent him from having an affair with a Jewish woman, and to take care of her daughter until her mother passed away. According to some evidence, Stalin may have even married the woman.

The affair was disclosed recently thanks to a letter discovered by an historian named Nicolai Nada. The letter, which was placed on the desk of the general secretary of the communist party Georgi Malenkov in 1953, the day Stalin suffered a stroke, was kept in a classified party file for years.

Just a few months ago those in charge of the file were persuaded to reveal the letter, and this is what it contained:
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The Letter of the Daughter of Ana Rubenstein

Dear Comrade Malenkov!

I am the daughter of Ana Rubinstein, the former wife of Comrade Stalin.
As he is in ill health, I ask you to let me see him. He knows me since I was a child.
R. Sveshnikova (Kostiokovski). If it is not possible to see him, I ask you to grant me an audience on a very urgent matter.
Date: 04.03.55

We shall apparently never know what exactly the writer of the letter sought to tell Stalin, and what the "urgent matter" she wished to discuss with the general-secretary of the communist party was about. However, Nicolai Nada focused his research on the identity of Ana Rubinstein, "the former wife of Comrade Stalin," and discovered some astonishing facts.

From the few documents uncovered in the archives it appears that Ana Rubinstein was born around 1890 in Ukraine. In 1910 she married a Jew named Zalman Kostiovsky, and on 28th September, 1911 they had a daughter named Regina. The marriage broke up and a year later Ana came to Saint Petersburg with her daughter, but without her husband.

Two Official Wives

Nada believes that Stalin met Ana Rubinstein as early as 1912. He used to visit Saint Petersburg often, where Rubinstein was affiliated to the city's Bolshevik underground. The affair between them apparently developed later on, because in 1913 Stalin was apprehended by police and deported to Siberia from where he returned in the spring of 1917. Regina Sveshnikova – whom Stalin knew during "her childhood" - was five- and-a-half years old in 1917.

http://www.jewwatch.com/jew-leaders-sta ... stein.html

[CrackSmokeRepublican]

Julia Pastrana: The True Story of the Hybrid Bear Woman.

Posted in Amazing, Interesting People

Posted by Abeo January 8, 2010 at 8:23 am

Julia

Julia Pastrana was born in 1834. She arrived, steeped in mystery, and her life was as strange and sad as her birth. She was believed to have been born within a small tribe of Native Americans on the western slopes of Mexico. Not a lot is known about her early childhood, but she first appeared in public, when, in 1854, she was brought out and exhibited at the Gothic Hall on Broadway. The name she was billed under was a cruel and sad insult to her condition. Known as the marvelous hybrid or Bear Woman, others called her The Ugliest woman in the World. Her handler or owner was named as a Mr M. Rates and he saw the potential in her the second he found her, working as a servant girl to the governor of Sinaloa Mexico. Realising that she would earn him lots of money, he decided to start showing her to the public, A quote from the time stated her as, The Great Freak of Nature. The newspapers of the day said she was hideous, but in her favour she had a very nice singing voice.

To the publics eye, she did have a very strange appearance. Her body was covered in hair, and her face even more so. A Jutting jaw, and very swollen gums added to her appearance. At four and a half feet, she was also said to look very like an ape in features. But she had dignity. Standing in front of an audience of thousands, Julia looked down at the audience and sang in a most beautiful voice. She had great poise. She was aware of the fact that she was different, but used her small frame and powerful persona to her advantage.

The scientists of the day thought that she was a hybrid between human and orangutan, and believed that they had found a missing link.  

http://derrenbrown.co.uk/blog/2010/01/j ... ear-woman/


Humanzee

The humanzee (also known as the Chuman or Manpanzee) is a hypothetical chimpanzee/human hybrid. Chimpanzees and humans are very closely related (95% of their DNA sequence, and 99% of coding DNA sequences are in common[1]), leading to contested speculation that a hybrid is possible, though no specimen has ever been confirmed.

Etymology

In spite of the usual convention of portmanteau words to describe hybrids, there is no consensus as to which word to use, though "chuman" or "humanzee" are used in popular speech. Geneticists adhere to the portmanteau word convention to indicate which species is the sire[2].(cf. tigon/liger) This is important because of the phenomenon of genomic imprinting where genes are expressed differently depending on which parent contributed them. Hybrids are named according to the convention first part of sire's name + second part of dam's name (except where the result is unwieldy). For geneticists, "Chuman" therefore refers to a hybrid of male chimpanzee and female human, while "Humanzee" or "manpanzee" refers to a hybrid of male human and female chimpanzee.
[edit] Feasibility

Humans have one fewer pair of chromosomes than other apes, since the ape chromosomes 2 and 4 have fused into a large chromosome (which contains remnants of the centromere and telomeres of the ancestral 2 and 4) in humans.[3] Having different numbers of chromosomes is not an absolute barrier to hybridization. Similar mismatches are relatively common in existing species, a phenomenon known as chromosomal polymorphism.

The genetic structure of all the great apes is similar. Chromosomes 6, 13, 19, 21, 22, and X are structurally the same in all great apes. 3, 11, 14, 15, 18, and 20 match between gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans. Chimps and humans match on 1, 2p, 2q, 5, 7 - 10, 12, 16, and Y as well. Some older references will include Y as a match between gorillas, chimps, and humans, but chimpanzees (including bonobos) and humans have recently been found to share a large transposition from chromosome 1 to Y that is not found in other apes.[4]

This level of chromosomal similarity is roughly equivalent to that found in equines. Interfertility of horses and donkeys is common, although sterility of the offspring (mules) is nearly universal. Similar complexities and prevalent sterility pertain to horse-zebra hybrids, or zorses, whose chromosomal disparity is very wide, with horses typically having 32 chromosome pairs and zebras possessing between 44 and 62 depending upon species. In a direct parallel to the chimp-human case, the Przewalski horse (Equus przewalskii) with 33 chromosome pairs, and the domestic horse (E. caballus) with 32 chromosome pairs, have been found to be interfertile, and produce semi-fertile offspring, where male hybrids can breed with female domestic horses.[5]).

In the 1920s the Soviet biologist Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov carried out a series of experiments to create a human/non human ape hybrid.[citation needed] At first working with human sperm and chimpanzee females, none of his attempts created a pregnancy.[citation needed] In 1929 he organized a set of experiments involving non human ape sperm and human volunteers, but was delayed by the death of his last orangutan.[citation needed] The next year he fell under political criticism from the Soviet government and was sentenced to exile in the Kazakh SSR; he worked there at the Kazakh Veterinary-Zootechnical Institute and died of a stroke two years later.[citation needed]

In 1977, researcher J. Michael Bedford[6] discovered that human sperm could penetrate the protective outer membranes of a gibbon egg. Bedford's paper also stated that human spermatozoa would not even attach to the zona surface of non-hominoid primates (baboon, rhesus monkey, and squirrel monkey), concluding that although the specificity of human spermatozoa is not confined to man alone, it probably is restricted to the Hominoidea.

In 2006, research suggested that after the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees diverged into two distinct lineages, inter-lineage sex was still sufficiently common that it produced fertile hybrids for around 1.2 million years after the initial split.[7]

However, despite speculation, no case of a human-chimpanzee cross has ever been confirmed to exist.[citation needed]

The Ivanov experiments

Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov was the first to actually attempt to create a human-ape hybrid.[8] As early as 1910 he had given a presentation to the World Congress of Zoologists in Graz, Austria in which he described the possibility of obtaining such a hybrid through artificial insemination.

In 1924, while working at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, Ivanov obtained permission from the Institute's directors to use its experimental primate station in Kindia, French Guinea, for such an experiment. Ivanov attempted to gain backing for his project from the Soviet government. He dispatched letters to the People's Commissar on Education and Science Anatoliy Vasilievich Lunacharsky and to other officials. Ivanov's proposal finally sparked the interest of Nikolai Petrovich Gorbunov, the head of the Department of Scientific Institutions. In September 1925 Gorbunov helped allocate US$10,000 to the Academy of Sciences for Ivanov's human-ape hybridization experiments in Africa.

In March 1926 Ivanov arrived at the Kindia facility, but stayed only a month without success. The Kindia site, it turned out, had no sexually mature chimpanzees. He returned to France where he arranged through correspondence with French Guinea's colonial governor to set up experiments at the botanical gardens in Conakry.

Ivanov reached Conakry in November 1926 accompanied by his son, also named Ilya, who would assist him in his experiments. Ivanov supervised the capture of adult chimpanzees in the interior of the colony, which were brought to Conakry and kept in cages in the botanical gardens. On February 28, 1927, Ivanov artificially inseminated two female chimpanzees with human sperm. On June 25, he injected a third chimpanzee with human sperm. The Ivanovs left Africa in July with thirteen chimps, including the three used in his experiments. They already knew before leaving that the first two chimpanzees had failed to become pregnant. The third died in France, and was also found not to have been pregnant. The remaining chimps were sent to a new primate station at Sukhumi.

Although Ivanov attempted to organize the insemination of human females with chimpanzee sperm in Guinea, these plans met with resistance from the French colonial government and there is no evidence such an experiment was arranged there.

Upon his return to the Soviet Union in 1927, Ivanov began an effort to organize hybridization experiments at Sukhumi using ape sperm and human females. Eventually in 1929, through the help of Gorbunov, he obtained the support of the Society of Materialist Biologists, a group associated with the Communist Academy. In the spring of 1929 the Society set up a commission to plan Ivanov's experiments at Sukhumi. They decided that at least five volunteer women would be needed for the project. However, in June 1929, before any inseminations had taken place, Ivanov learned that the only postpubescent male ape remaining at Sukhumi (an orangutan) had died. A new set of chimps would not arrive at Sukhumi until the summer of 1930.

Rumored humanzees


There have been occasional reports and rumors of humanzees throughout history. St. Peter Damian, in his 11th century De bono religiosi status et variorum animantium tropologia, tells of a Count Gulielmus whose pet ape became his wife's lover. One day the ape became "mad with jealousy" on seeing the count lying with his wife and it fatally attacked him. Damian claims he was told about this incident by Pope Alexander II and shown a creature named "Maimo", which was supposed to be the offspring of the countess and the ape.

There have been no scientifically verified specimens of a human/ape hybrid, although a performing chimp named Oliver was popularized during the 1970s as a possible Chuman/Humanzee. Genetic tests conducted at the University of Chicago concluded that, despite Oliver's somewhat unusual appearance and behavior, he was a normal chimpanzee;[9] he had the same number of chromosomes as normal chimpanzees. The "hybrid" claims were possibly a promotional gimmick. As a result of being humanized (habituated to humans rather than to chimps), Oliver was said to be attracted to female humans, and did not mate with chimpanzees.

An episode of Unsolved History, Humanzee, originally broadcast on the Discovery Channel on March 27, 1998, discussed the controversies over Oliver the chimp and also detailed some of the rumors and urban legends about "humanzees". One claim was that a common chimpanzee was impregnated by human sperm in a laboratory in China, but died from neglect before giving birth during the Chinese Cultural Revolution in the 1960s. A similar story, reported by University at Albany psychologist Gordon Gallup, alleged that a human-chimp hybrid was successfully engendered and born during experiments by Robert Yerkes or his staff at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center in Orange Park, Florida in the 1920s, but was destroyed by the scientists soon after. Gallup claimed he heard the story as a young graduate student, when an elderly academic confided in him that he had been part of the team behind the experiment. Gallup added that he feels the colleague telling him of this genuinely believed the story to be true but that he, Gallup, has never been able to prove it one way or another.

Genetic evidence

Looking back millions of years into early human history, current research into human evolution tends to confirm that in some cases, interspecies sexual activity may have been a key part of human evolution. Analysis of the species' genes in 2006 provides evidence that after humans had started to diverge from chimps, interspecies mating between "proto-human" and "proto-chimps" nonetheless occurred regularly enough to change certain genes in the new gene pool:

    "A new comparison of the human and chimp genomes suggests that after the two lineages separated, they may have begun interbreeding... A principal finding is that the X chromosomes of humans and chimps appear to have diverged about 1.2 million years more recently than the other chromosomes."

The research suggests that:

    There were in fact two splits between the human and chimp lineages, with the first being followed by interbreeding between the two populations and then a second split. The suggestion of a hybridization has startled paleoanthropologists, who nonetheless are 'treating the new genetic data seriously.[10]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanzee


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HYBRID PRIMATES

PRIMATES (EXCLUDING HUMANS)

In "The Variation Of Animals And Plants Under Domestication" Charles Darwin noted: "Several members of the family of Lemurs have produced hybrids in the Zoological Gardens."

In the primates, many Gibbons are hard to visually identify and are identified by their song. This has led to hybrids in zoos where the Gibbons were mis-identified. For example, some collections could not distinguish between Javan Gibbons, Lar Gibbons or Hoolocks and their supposedly pure breeding pairs were mixed pairs or hybrids from previous mixed pairs. Agile gibbons have also interbred with these. The offspring were sent to other Gibbon breeders and led to further hybridization in captive Gibbons. Hybrids also occur in wild Gibbons where the ranges overlap. Gibbon/Siamang hybrids have occurred in captivity - a female Siamang produced hybrid "Siabon" offspring on 2 occasions when housed with a male Gibbon; one hybrid survived, the other didn't. Anubis Baboons and Hamadryas Baboons have hybridized in the wild where their ranges meet. Different Macaque species can interbreed. In "The Variation Of Animals And Plants Under Domestication" Charles Darwin wrote: "A Macacus, according to Flourens, bred in Paris; and more than one species of this genus has produced young in London, especially the Macacus rhesus, which everywhere shows a special capacity to breed under confinement. Hybrids have been produced both in Paris and London from this same genus." In addition, the Rheboon is a captive-bred Rhesus Macaque/Hamadryas Baboon hybrid with a baboon-like body shape and Macaque-like tail.

Various hybrid monkeys are bred within the pet trade. These include hybrid Capuchins e.g. Tufted (Cebus apella) x Wedge-capped/weeper (C olivaceus); Liontail macaque X Pigtail macaque hybrids and Rhesus x Stumptail hybrids. The Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) has interbred with the introduced Taiwanese macacque (M cyclopis); the latter has escaped into the wild from private zoos. Among African monkeys, natural hybridization is not uncommon. There numerous field reports of hybrid monkeys and detailed studies of zones where species overlap and hybrids occur. Among the apes, Sumatran and Bornean orang-utans are separate species with anatomical differences, producing sterile hybrids. Hybrid orang utans are genetically weaker lower survival rates pure animals.
Another unknown ape (the Koolakamba) has been reported in Africa and claimed to be a Gorilla/Chimp hybrid. Larger, flatter faced, larger skulled and more bipedal than a chimp, it may also be a mutation, in which case we are witnessing evolution in action. According to von Koppenfels in 1881: "I believe it is proved that there are crosses between the male Troglodytes gorilla and the female Troglodytes niger, but for reasons easily understood, there are none in the opposite direction. I have in my possession positive proof of this. This settles all the questions about the gorilla, chimpanzee, Kooloo Kamba, N'schigo, M'bouve, the Sokos, Baboos, etc". Yerkes reported several "unclassifiable apes" with features intermediate between chimpanzee and gorilla in his 1929 book "A Study of Anthropoid Life".

Garner (1896) wrote that an ape called Mafuca exhibited at Dresden Zoo in 1875 was sometimes described as a cross between chimpanzee and gorilla. Different experts identified her as a chimpanzee or as a young gorilla."It would be difficult to believe that two apes of different species in a wild state would cross, but to believe that two that belonged to different genera would do so is even more illogical. Yerkes (1929) reported the case of adult female Johanna at Lisbon, whom Duckworth (1899) considered an unclassifiable ape intermediate between gorilla and chimpanzee and similar to the "Kulu-Kamba" and Mafuca. Others considered Johanna, who had been a performing ape wit Barnum and Bailey's Circus, to be a gorilla.

HUMANZEES (& OTHER CLAIMED HUMAN HYBRIDS)

A reputed "humanzee" (human/chimp hybrid) called Oliver was DNA tested and found to be a chimpanzee, albeit one which slightly differed genetically from the more familiar chimps in being bipedal and having a smaller head. Oliver may have been a mutant or represent an unknown species of ape. It is currently believed that he represents a geographical subspecies of chimpanzee. He did not associate with other chimps in captivity as was sexually attracted to human women instead. This meant he was never bred. Oliver's habitual bipedal gait is now believed to be a result of early training and habit, although he mastered it to a greater degree than most trained chimps. It's worth remembering that evolution is a never-ending process and that it's possible for bipedalism to develop in other apes. In a publicity event, a woman declared her willingness to be inseminated by Oliver (and even to have the mating filmed for scientific purposes), but this offended public sensibilities and did not happen. Had Oliver been a genuine hybrid, then like most male hybrids he would probably have been sterile anyway.

Soviet Professor Ilya Ivanov attempted to create a human-ape hybrid using female chimps impregnated and human sperm and planned to use women volunteers impregnated with chimp sperm. Ivanov's experiments have been documented by Kirill Rossiianov (Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the Academy of Sciences, Moscow), "Beyond Species: Ilya Ivanov and His Experiments on Cross-Breeding Humans with Anthropoid Apes," Science in Context, 2002, p. 277-316.

In a presentation to the World Congress of Zoologists in Graz in 1910, he outlined the possibility of using artificial insemination to create a hybrid. In 1924, while working at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, Ivanov gained permission from the Institute's directors to use its experimental primate station in Kindia, French Guinea, for his hybridisation experiments. He requested backing for this project from the Soviet government, writing to Soviet officials including the People's Commissar on Education and Science Anatoliy Vasilievich Lunacharsky. In September 1925, Nikolai Petrovich Gorbunov, head of the Department of Scientific Institutions helped allocate US$10000 to the Academy of Sciences for Ivanov's human-ape hybridization experiments in Africa.

In March 1926 Ivanov arrived at the Kindia facility, but left after a month because the facility had no sexually mature chimpanzees. Ivanov attempted to organize the insemination of human females with chimpanzee sperm in Guinea, but the French colonial government objected to the proposal. There is no evidence such an experiment was arranged there. Back in France he corresponded with French Guinea's colonial governor and arranged to conduct his experiments at the botanical gardens in Conakry. Ivanov, assisted by his son (also called Ilya), went to Conakry in November 1926 where he oversaw the capture of adult chimpanzees in the interior of the colony. These were caged at the botanical gardens in Conakry. On February 28, 1927, Ivanov artificially inseminated 2 female chimps with human sperm (not sourced from him or his son). On June 25, he injected a third chimpanzee with human sperm. The Ivanovs left Africa in July 1927 with 13 chimps, including the 3 artificially inseminated females. They already knew that the first 2 chimps had not conceived. The third died in France and was also found not to have conceived. The remaining 10 chimps went to the Sukhumi primate station.

Ivanov returned to the Soviet Union in 1927 and attempted to organize experiments at Sukhumi using ape sperm and human females. In 1929, with the help of Gorbunov, he gained the support of the Society of Materialist Biologists (a group associated with the Communist Academy). In Spring 1929 the Society set up a commission to plan Ivanov's experiments at Sukhumi. They required at least 5 volunteer women for the project. In June 1929, before any inseminations had taken place, the only sexually mature ape remaining at Sukhumi (an orangutan) had died. A new set of chimps would not arrive at Sukhumi until Summer 1930. That year, a political shakeup in the Soviet scientific world resulted in Gorbunov and several other Sukhumi scientists losing their positions. In Spring 1930 Ivanov came under political criticism and on December 13, 1930 he was arrested and exiled to Alma Ata, where he died in 1932.

There have been persistent rumours of a Chinese humanzee experiment; the rumoured 3 month foetus died when the mother was killed during civil unrest. Allegedly scientists impregnated a female chimpanzee with human sperm and she was three months pregnant before people found out; outraged they broke into the lab in a riot, killing the pregnant chimpanzee. This must be treated as urban myth as there is no currently no evidence to support the tale and far to many claims of conspiracy theory cover-ups.

There are similar rumours of a humanzee or manpanzee experiment in the USA. In the 1960s there were persistent rumours of a Russian experiment to inseminate either a female chimpanzee or a female gorilla with human sperm. Bernard Grizmek, former Frankfurt Zoo director, wrote of rumours from the Soviet Union that the Russians had created a human/chimpanzee hybrid (probably a mis-reporting of Ilya Ivanov's experiments). More recently, a news story claimed that Stalin ordered his scientists to create an army of human/ape hybrids, because they would be less fussy about what they ate. Though nothing came of this, it may have been the origin of the rumours.

According to a tale by Peter Damain in the 11th century story "De bono religiosi status et variorum animatium tropolagia," Count Gulielmus had both a pet ape and a wanton wife. The woman was so wanton that she allowed the ape to become her lover. The ape became jealous of the Count and when it found him lying with the Countess, the ape attacked him. The Count died of his grievous injuries. Damain had learned of this from Pope Alexander II. The pope had shown Damain a monster that was supposedly the result of the ape mating with the woman. This apelike boy was called Maimo after his simian father. If Maimo did exist, he was most likely a physically and mentally handicapped child.

In the 19th century, a Khoisan (Hottentot) woman called Saartjie Baartman was exhibited in Europe in a cage. Negro women with enlarged labia and enlarged buttocks were sometimes deemed evidence of chimp/human hybridisation; such hybrids being called a "womanzee". This was based on the supposed resemblance of their genitalia to those of female chimps and fitted with the then prevalent opinion that Negroes were inferior, or less evolved, than Europeans. Enlarged buttocks occur due to a condition called steatopygia (extreme accumulation of fat on the buttocks), while enlarged labia, or "Hottentot Apron" can be either inherited or induced/enhanced by manual stretching (in some regions they were considered attractive). Neither trait is due to hybridisation.

The idea of human/ape hybrids has fascinated people and resulted in several films or TV series, some exploring whether such hybrids would have "human rights" or simply be experimental animals for use in vivisection. It is only a matter of time before curiosity overcomes ethics and an authenticated attempt is made.

http://www.messybeast.com/genetics/hybrid-primates.htm

[FrankDialogue]

Stalin's attempts at a Human-Ape hybrid, notes on his Jewish Daughter

Great post, CSR...Stalin was a 'pip'...I hope to discuss him some more with you in the future.

For now, I'm going to give you a link to a great website archive of excerpts of books about Stalin, Communism and the Soviet Union:

'Neither Aryan Nor Jew' by Peter Myers

http://members.iinet.net.au/~childers381/

There's a whole sub-section on Stalin.

Go to the website and click on the index link...You gotta dig a bit but it's worth it.

Now on Mao Tse Tung: I read a big biography of him many years ago; possibly it was 'Mao: A Biography"...It was hardback, about 1000 pages...And it contained the story i relate below.



Mao Swims in the Yangtze in 1972

Mao had the exact same problem as Elvis Presley...Mao was addicted to opium products (codeine, opium in different forms, maybe morphine), and he had GREAT DIFFICULTY HAVING A BOWEL MOVEMENT as a consequence...Now, Elvis died on the toilet from a stroke trying to get some relief, and apparently Mao could only go the toilet once a week, on a Tuesday, and he would make life miserable for his staff because of his constipation and bloat...The staff would wait for Tuesday, praying however Chinese pray, and Mao would retire to the toilet...After about 1/2 an hour, his secretaries would hear Mao crying and cursing from the john...This is when they knew he had finally passed his stool, and they rejoiced, knowing that, at least for a few days, the 'Chairman' would be a 'new man' and give them peace.  :lol:

[GermanicAmericanFox]

Mao also buried babies alive to deal with it if you'd like to know!